Neuropeptides & signaling

Oxytocin is a nine-amino-acid neuropeptide and hormone involved in labor, lactation, and social behavior. It is a classic model of cyclic pe…

PT-141 is a melanocortin receptor agonist peptide related to the bremelanotide research lineage. Understanding naming and approval status is…

Selank is a synthetic analog of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin, studied in models related to anxiety and cognitive function. Regulator…

Semax is a synthetic peptide analog of ACTH(4-10) studied for neurological and cognitive research applications. Status and availability diff…

Substance P is an 11-amino-acid neuropeptide of the tachykinin family involved in pain signaling and neurogenic inflammation research.

Met-enkephalin (YGGFM) is an endogenous opioid pentapeptide foundational to pain and reward neurobiology research.

Kisspeptin-10 is a decapeptide fragment that activates the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R), a central node in reproductive hormone regulation r…

DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) is a nonapeptide historically investigated in sleep and stress research. Modern evidence and clinical us…

Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the MT-RNR2 (16S rRNA) gene and was the first such peptide discovered. It is studi…

Dihexa (PNB-0408) is a synthetic angiotensin IV-derived oligopeptide studied as a potentiator of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling at…

Cerebrolysin is an experimental mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and amino acids produced by enzymatic breakdown of purified pig bra…

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino-acid neuropeptide widely distributed in the nervous system. Research examines its roles in appetite, stre…

Galanin is a neuropeptide (30 residues in humans) that modulates neurotransmission across many brain regions. Research explores its involvem…

Neurotensin is a 13-amino-acid neuropeptide found in the brain and gut. Research examines its interactions with dopamine signaling and its r…

Bombesin is a 14-amino-acid peptide first isolated from amphibian skin that gave its name to a family of mammalian receptors. It is widely u…

Orexin-A (hypocretin-1) is a 33-amino-acid hypothalamic neuropeptide central to the regulation of wakefulness and arousal. Loss of orexin si…

CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) is a 37-amino-acid neuropeptide produced by alternative splicing of the calcitonin gene. It is a pote…

Beta-endorphin is a 31-amino-acid endogenous opioid peptide cleaved from the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) precursor. It is a foundational mole…

Dynorphin is a family of endogenous opioid peptides (dynorphin A is 17 residues) derived from prodynorphin. It preferentially activates kapp…

Nociceptin (orphanin FQ) is a 17-amino-acid neuropeptide that binds the NOP receptor, a member of the opioid receptor family. It is studied …

Alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) is a 13-amino-acid melanocortin peptide processed from POMC. Research examines its roles in…

P21 (P021) is a synthetic peptide designed as a mimetic of an active region of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). It has been studied in an…

PE-22-28 is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from spadin, developed as a shortened analog that inhibits the TREK-1 potassium channel. It has…

Cortexin is a low-molecular-weight polypeptide complex extracted from cerebral cortex tissue, studied largely in Russian neuroscience litera…

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg, EDR) from the Khavinson short-peptide bioregulator class. It has been studied for proposed …

Urocortin is a 40-amino-acid neuropeptide of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family. Binding both CRHR1 and CRHR2 receptors, it par…

Phoenixin (PNX) is a highly conserved neuropeptide first described in 2013 and processed from the SMIM20 prohormone into 14- and 20-residue …

Endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2) is an endogenous opioid tetrapeptide and one of the most selective natural agonists of the mu-opioid rec…

Endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) is an endogenous opioid tetrapeptide and a highly selective mu-opioid receptor agonist. It differs from …

Dermorphin is a naturally occurring opioid heptapeptide from the skin of Phyllomedusa frogs and a highly potent, selective mu-opioid recepto…

Deltorphin (deltorphin A / dermenkephalin) is a naturally occurring opioid heptapeptide from Phyllomedusa frog skin and a potent, highly sel…

Thymogen is a synthetic dipeptide, L-glutamyl-L-tryptophan (Glu-Trp), from the Khavinson family of short-peptide bioregulators. Identified a…

Cortagen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro, AEDP) is a synthetic tetrapeptide from the Khavinson family of bioregulators, designed as the defined-sequence co…

Cardiogen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg, AEDR) is a synthetic tetrapeptide from the Khavinson family of bioregulators, studied as a heart-tissue peptide …

Neuromedin U (NmU) is a neuropeptide found in brain and gut, first isolated in 1985 for its uterus-contracting activity. Acting through the …