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Antimicrobial peptide

Temporin

Temporins are a large family of short antimicrobial peptides first isolated from the European frog Rana temporaria.

By The Peptides Codex Editorial TeamIndividual review date not recorded

Page data last changed: . Chemistry registry snapshot: . Registry refreshes and identity assessments are separate from scientific content review.

Length
n/a
Class
Antimicrobial peptide
Function
Short membrane-active host-defense peptides (research)
Context
Antimicrobial-peptide research (not an approved drug)

One of the largest AMP families — very short frog-skin peptides active mainly on Gram-positive microbes.

Also known as: temporin A · temporin B

Part of the Foundational & therapeutic peptides cluster

Overview

Temporins are a large family of short antimicrobial peptides first isolated from the European frog Rana temporaria. Members such as temporin A and temporin B are typically 10-14 residues, fold on microbial membranes, and are studied for activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. They are research peptides, not approved drugs.

Source & context

Biological / chemical source: Skin secretions of frogs (originally Rana temporaria)

Primary research or clinical context: Antimicrobial-peptide research (not an approved drug)

A very short AMP family

Temporins are among the shortest natural antimicrobial peptides, with temporin A (FLPLIGRVLSGIL) a well-studied example. Their small size and low net charge make them useful models for how brief amphipathic sequences still disrupt microbial membranes.

Research directions

Literature explores temporin activity against Gram-positive bacteria, fungi and some protozoa, plus cooperative behavior where temporin B and temporin L form hetero-oligomers. These are investigational research peptides; no therapeutic use is implied here.

Structure & chemistry

Molecular identity & reference confidence

Source-supported reference

Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.

Molecular form
Temporin (source record; form not independently established)
Species
Not established by this molecular identity audit
Termini (N / C)
Not specified / Not specified

Average reference mass

Reference policy updated: 2026-10-05

Molecular formula
C68H117N17O14
Average reference mass
≈ 1,396.8
Identifiers
  • PubChem CID: 9920205
  • CAS RN: 188713-69-1

Chemistry values: PubChem · fetched 2026-10-01.

Concentration math

Temporin — reconstitution calculator

Enter how much peptide is in the vial and how much diluent (e.g. bacteriostatic water) is added. The tool returns the resulting solution concentration — and, for any amount you type, the volume it corresponds to. This is educational arithmetic, not a dosing recommendation.

Reference form: Temporin (source record; form not independently established)Average reference mass: 1,396.8 Da

Syringe graduation
Solution concentration
5 mg/mL5,000 mcg/mL
mcg

Enter an amount to see the volume it corresponds to.

Educational concentration mathematics only. This tool does not recommend a dose, amount, or protocol, and nothing here is medical advice. Many peptides are not authorized by Health Canada for human use — see our reconstitution and bacteriostatic-water guides for context.

Open the Temporin calculator on its own page →

FAQ about Temporin

What is Temporin?+

Temporins are a large family of short antimicrobial peptides first isolated from the European frog Rana temporaria. Members such as temporin A and temporin B are typically 10-14 residues, fold on microbial membranes, and are studied for activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. They are research peptides, not approved drugs.

What Canadian product status is recorded for Temporin?+

Canadian product status for Temporin has not been verified in this profile. No verified record here does not mean no authorization exists. Status depends on the product, formulation and use; consult Health Canada's product records.

What is the typical length of Temporin?+

Temporin is not a classic amino-acid chain peptide in the same sense; see the profile for classification details.

Related peptides

Nesfatin-1
Neuropeptide / metabolic peptide
Nesfatin-1 is a peptide cleaved from the precursor protein nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), produced in the hypothalamus and in peripheral tissues. It is studied as a satiety-associated signal in appetite and energy-balance research, and is a frequent topic in metabolic neuropeptide literature.
Bombesin
Neuropeptide
Bombesin is a 14-amino-acid peptide first isolated from amphibian skin that gave its name to a family of mammalian receptors. It is widely used as a research tool in appetite and receptor-biology studies.
Nociceptin
Neuropeptide
Nociceptin (orphanin FQ) is a 17-amino-acid neuropeptide that binds the NOP receptor, a member of the opioid receptor family. It is studied for its complex roles in pain processing, mood, and stress.
P21
Research peptide
P21 (P021) is a synthetic peptide designed as a mimetic of an active region of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). It has been studied in animal models of neurogenesis and cognitive aging and is not authorized as a medicine by Health Canada.

References & further reading

  1. 1.Bellavita et al. (2025). Probing Guanidino Pendant or Bridged Groups in Cyclic Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Temporin L: A Strategy to Improve Efficacy against Gram-Negative Bacteria. J Med Chem
  2. 2.Yayla İ et al. (2025). In vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Temporin A and Apidaecin B Peptides Against Clinical Strains Isolated from Blood Culture. J Clin Pract Res
  3. 3.Li et al. (2025). Enzyme-instructed disassembly of phosphorylated temporin supramolecules enhances doxorubicin synergy for targeted cancer inhibition. J Control Release
  4. 4.Ferguson et al. (2022). Temporin B Forms Hetero-Oligomers with Temporin L, Modifies Its Membrane Activity, and Increases the Cooperativity of Its Antibacterial Pharmacodynamic Profile. Biochemistry
  5. 5.Capparelli et al. (2009). Synergistic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of temporin A and modified temporin B in vivo. PLoS One
  6. 6.An et al. (2023). A Temporin Derived Peptide Showing Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities against Staphylococcus aureus. Protein Pept Lett
  7. 7.Bezzerri et al. (2014). Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of a temporin B peptide analogue on an in vitro model of cystic fibrosis. J Pept Sci
  8. 8.Dimitrova et al. (2025). New Temporin A Analogues Modified in Positions 1 and 10-Synthesis and Biological Studies. Pharmaceutics
  9. 9.PMC — Temporins: Multifunctional Peptides from Frog Skin
  10. 10.FEBS Letters — Synthesis and antibacterial activity of temporin A (ScienceDirect)
Disclaimer: Educational content only. Not medical advice. Not instructions for human use. Research peptides and unapproved products may be restricted or illegal to market for human consumption in your jurisdiction. Consult qualified professionals and applicable law.
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