Page data last changed: . Chemistry registry snapshot: . Registry refreshes and identity assessments are separate from scientific content review.
An oxyntomodulin-based dual agonist central to next-generation metabolic peptide science.
Also known as: IBI362 · LY3305677 · oxyntomodulin analogue
Part of the Metabolic & GLP-1 peptides cluster
Overview
Mazdutide (IBI362 / LY3305677) is a once-weekly oxyntomodulin-based peptide (C207H317N45O65, ≈4,476 Da) that activates the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Originated by Eli Lilly and developed in China by Innovent, it became the first glucagon/GLP-1 dual agonist approved anywhere when China's NMPA authorised it for chronic weight management on 27 June 2025, with a type 2 diabetes approval following the same year. In the phase 3 GLORY-1 trial it produced −14.0% body weight at 48 weeks on 6 mg.
Source & context
Biological / chemical source: Synthetic peptide analog of oxyntomodulin (Eli Lilly / Innovent Biologics)
Primary research or clinical context: Approved in China (2025) for chronic weight management and for type 2 diabetes; not approved in North America or Europe as of September 2026
What mazdutide is
Mazdutide is a once-weekly dual agonist of the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. It was discovered at Eli Lilly (LY3305677) and licensed to Innovent Biologics for development in China (IBI362), where it became, on 27 June 2025, the first glucagon/GLP-1 dual agonist approved anywhere in the world, for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight and at least one weight-related condition. An approval for type 2 diabetes followed later in 2025. Its molecular formula is C207H317N45O65 and its average molecular weight is about 4,476 Da. Lilly retains rights outside China, where mazdutide is not approved.
The oxyntomodulin idea
Oxyntomodulin is a 37-residue gut hormone made from the same proglucagon precursor as GLP-1 and glucagon; it is glucagon's 29 residues plus an eight-residue C-terminal extension, and it naturally activates both the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors — weakly, and for only minutes. Mazdutide takes that native dual activity as its starting point rather than engineering it into a single-receptor hormone. The design substitutes Aib at position 2 for DPP-4 resistance, rebalances the two receptor potencies with mid-chain substitutions, and attaches a C20 fatty diacid through a γ-glutamate and two OEG spacers for albumin binding — the same side-chain chemistry as tirzepatide.
Structure
Mazdutide keeps the oxyntomodulin architecture: a glucagon-like N-terminal core followed by a C-terminal extension, ending in an amide. IUPHAR's deposited one-letter backbone, shown in the chip display above with X for Aib, runs H-Aib-Q-G-T-F-T-S-D-Y-S-K-Y-L-D-E-K-K-A-K-E-F-V-E-W-L-L-E-G-G-P-S-S-G; published sources differ slightly at the C-terminus and in which lysine carries the lipid, so treat the residue-level detail as the registry's version rather than a verified consensus. What is not in dispute is the class: a lipidated, DPP-4-resistant, once-weekly proglucagon-family peptide.
Clinical evidence: GLORY-1 and DREAMS
GLORY-1 (Ji et al., NEJM 2025; 610 Chinese adults with obesity or overweight, 48 weeks) tested 4 mg and 6 mg once weekly. At 32 weeks mean weight change was −10.09% and −12.55% versus +0.45% with placebo; at 48 weeks it was −11.00% and −14.01% versus +0.30%, with 49.5% of the 6 mg group losing at least 15%. Discontinuation for adverse events was 0.5–1.5%, lower than in most Western incretin trials. The DREAMS trials in type 2 diabetes supported the diabetes approval. A 9 mg dose for more severe obesity was under NMPA review in 2025–2026, and Lilly is running trials outside China.
| Arm | 32 weeks | 48 weeks | ≥15% loss at 48 wk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | +0.45% | +0.30% | 2.0% |
| 4 mg | −10.09% | −11.00% | 35.7% |
| 6 mg | −12.55% | −14.01% | 49.5% |
Mazdutide vs survodutide vs retatrutide
Mazdutide and survodutide share the glucagon/GLP-1 dual mechanism but come from different scaffolds (oxyntomodulin vs glucagon) and different companies; mazdutide is approved in China, survodutide is not yet approved anywhere. Retatrutide adds GIP receptor activity and has reported larger weight loss in phase 2. Because mazdutide's phase 3 population was Chinese adults with a lower baseline BMI (mean 31.1) than typical Western trials, its percentages are not directly comparable with SURMOUNT or STEP numbers. Head-to-head trials against semaglutide in China have been reported by Innovent but are outside the scope of this profile.
Sequence
One-letter sequence commonly cited for Mazdutide (educational; isoforms and modifications may differ):
HXQGTFTSDYSKYLDEKKAKEFVEWLLEGGPSSG
X = non-canonical residue (X, K20 and G34 residues are modified.). X marks a non-canonical residue — see the structure block below. (Plotted as alanine on the wheel.)
Residues plotted ~100° apart around an α-helix — clustering of one color reveals an amphipathic face.
Structure & chemistry
Molecular identity & reference confidence
Source-supported reference
Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.
- Molecular form
- Oxyntomodulin-derived scaffold (oxyntomodulin = glucagon plus an 8-residue C-terminal extension) with Aib at position 2
- Species
- Not established by this molecular identity audit
- Termini (N / C)
- Not specified / Amide
Average reference mass
Reference policy updated: 2026-10-05
- IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot · 2026-10-01
- PubChem molecular record · 2026-10-01
- Molecular formula
- C207H317N45O65
- Average reference mass
- ≈ 4,476
- Plasma half-life
- Supports once-weekly dosing (published estimates are on the order of several days)
- Receptors
- GLP-1 receptor and glucagon receptor (GCGR), inherited from oxyntomodulin's native dual activity and rebalanced
- Backbone
- Oxyntomodulin-derived scaffold (oxyntomodulin = glucagon plus an 8-residue C-terminal extension) with Aib at position 2
- Lipidation
- Eicosanedioic acid (C20 fatty diacid) → γ-glutamate → 2×OEG → lysine side chain
- C-terminus
- Amide
- Status
- Approved in China (NMPA): chronic weight management (27 June 2025) and type 2 diabetes (2025). Not approved in the US, Canada or EU as of September 2026
| Position | Native | Analog | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Position 2 | Ser (oxyntomodulin) | Aib | DPP-4 resistance |
| Mid-chain substitutions | Oxyntomodulin residues | Engineered residues | Rebalances GLP-1 vs glucagon receptor potency; improves helicity |
| Lysine side chain | — | C20 diacid-γGlu-2×OEG | Albumin binding for once-weekly pharmacokinetics |
| C-terminus | Free acid | Amide | Stability |
Chemistry values: curated profile, IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology · fetched 2026-10-01.
Clinical development snapshot
ClinicalTrials.gov lists 43 registered studies with “Mazdutide” as an intervention (snapshot 2026-10-01). A registry footprint is not evidence of efficacy or approval.
| NCT | Title | Phase | Status | Updated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07843862 | A Study of HRS-4729 Injection in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes | Phase 2 | not yet recruiting | 2026-09-28 |
| NCT07718126 | Pre-hepatectomy Rehabilitation in Obese MASLD-Complicated Living Liver Donors With Mazdutide (PRIME) | Phase 4 | recruiting | 2026-09-23 |
| NCT06862908 | A Study of IBI362 in Subjects With HFpEF or HFmrEF Combined With Obesity | Phase 2 | active not recruiting | 2026-09-22 |
| NCT07803705 | Efficacy of Mazdutide on Fatty Pancreas | Not applicable | not yet recruiting | 2026-09-22 |
| NCT06519656 | Efficacy of Mazdutide for Treating PCOS | Phase 2 | completed | 2026-09-21 |
| NCT07824895 | Mazdutide for Weight Management and Gout in Adults With Obesity | Phase 4 | not yet recruiting | 2026-09-17 |
The incretin & metabolic co-agonist class at a glance
| Peptide | Receptors | Length | Mass (Da) | Half-life | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLP-1 | GLP-1R | 30 aa | ≈ 3,297.6 | ≈ 1–2 min (DPP-4 cleavage + renal clearance) | Endogenous hormone — not a product |
| Liraglutide | GLP-1R | 31 aa | ≈ 3,751.2 | ≈ 13 h (once-daily dosing) | Approved: Victoza (2010, T2D), Saxenda (2014, weight) |
| Semaglutide | GLP-1R | 31 aa | ≈ 4,113.6 | ≈ 7 days (≈ 145–165 h in clinical PK studies) | Approved: Ozempic (2017, T2D), Rybelsus (2019, oral T2D), Wegovy (2021, weight) |
| Tirzepatide | GIPR + GLP-1R | 39 aa | ≈ 4,813.5 | ≈ 5 days (≈ 117 h) | Approved: Mounjaro (2022, T2D), Zepbound (2023, weight; 2024, obstructive sleep apnoea) |
| Retatrutide | GIPR + GLP-1R + GCGR | 39 aa | ≈ 4,731 | ≈ 6 days | Investigational (phase 3) |
| Cagrilintide | Amylin / calcitonin | 37 aa | ≈ 4,409 | ≈ 7–8 days (159–195 h across doses in the phase 1b study) | Investigational (phase 3, as CagriSema with semaglutide) |
| Survodutide | GCGR + GLP-1R | 29 aa | ≈ 4,232 | Supports once-weekly dosing (published population estimates are on the order of several days) | Investigational (phase 3: SYNCHRONIZE obesity programme; MASH programme) |
| Mazdutide (this page) | GCGR + GLP-1R | 34 aa | ≈ 4,476 | Supports once-weekly dosing (published estimates are on the order of several days) | Approved in China (NMPA): chronic weight management (27 June 2025) and type 2 diabetes (2025) |
| Amycretin | GLP-1R + amylin | — | — | Supports once-weekly subcutaneous dosing | Investigational (phase 2 results published 2025; later-phase trials under way) |
Verified from PubChem, IUPHAR and the primary discovery papers cited on each profile. Half-lives are approximate population means from published pharmacokinetics.
Mazdutide — reconstitution calculator
Enter how much peptide is in the vial and how much diluent (e.g. bacteriostatic water) is added. The tool returns the resulting solution concentration — and, for any amount you type, the volume it corresponds to. This is educational arithmetic, not a dosing recommendation.
Reference form: Oxyntomodulin-derived scaffold (oxyntomodulin = glucagon plus an 8-residue C-terminal extension) with Aib at position 2Average reference mass: 4,476 Da
Enter an amount to see the volume it corresponds to.
Educational concentration mathematics only. This tool does not recommend a dose, amount, or protocol, and nothing here is medical advice. Many peptides are not authorized by Health Canada for human use — see our reconstitution and bacteriostatic-water guides for context.
Change log
Dated observations from the data pipeline (registry flags, trial footprints, identifiers) and editorial reviews of this profile.
- Trials2 registered studies added on ClinicalTrials.gov (now 43).
- EditorialProfile content reviewed and updated by the editorial team.
FAQ about Mazdutide
What is Mazdutide?+
Mazdutide (IBI362 / LY3305677) is a once-weekly oxyntomodulin-based peptide (C207H317N45O65, ≈4,476 Da) that activates the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Originated by Eli Lilly and developed in China by Innovent, it became the first glucagon/GLP-1 dual agonist approved anywhere when China's NMPA authorised it for chronic weight management on 27 June 2025, with a type 2 diabetes approval following the same year. In the phase 3 GLORY-1 trial it produced −14.0% body weight at 48 weeks on 6 mg.
What Canadian product status is recorded for Mazdutide?+
Canadian product status for Mazdutide has not been verified in this profile. No verified record here does not mean no authorization exists. Status depends on the product, formulation and use; consult Health Canada's product records.
What is the typical length of Mazdutide?+
Mazdutide is commonly described as approximately 34 amino acids (Dual GLP-1 / glucagon receptor agonist (oxyntomodulin analog)).
What is mazdutide?+
A once-weekly GLP-1/glucagon receptor dual agonist peptide derived from oxyntomodulin, developed by Innovent (IBI362) under licence from Eli Lilly (LY3305677). Formula C207H317N45O65, mass about 4,476 Da.
Is mazdutide approved?+
Yes, in China: the NMPA approved it for chronic weight management on 27 June 2025 and for type 2 diabetes later in 2025. It is not approved in the US, Canada or the EU as of September 2026.
How much weight loss did mazdutide produce in phase 3?+
In GLORY-1, −11.0% (4 mg) and −14.0% (6 mg) at 48 weeks versus +0.3% with placebo, in Chinese adults with a mean baseline BMI of 31.1.
How is mazdutide different from semaglutide?+
Semaglutide activates only the GLP-1 receptor; mazdutide also activates the glucagon receptor, which adds energy expenditure and liver-fat effects. Semaglutide is approved worldwide; mazdutide only in China so far.
Further reading
- FoundationsGLP-1 vs GIP vs Glucagon: Incretin Receptor Classes ExplainedAn educational overview of the incretin and metabolic receptor classes—GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon—and how single, dual, and triple receptor agonism differ mechanistically.
- Metabolic peptidesGLP-1 Peptides Explained: GLP-1, Semaglutide, Tirzepatide, RetatrutideFrom endogenous GLP-1 to dual and triple agonists—an educational map of incretin peptide science and metabolic drug design.
- PharmacologyGLP-1 and Incretin Peptide Half-Lives Compared: From 2 Minutes to 8 DaysA sourced table of the plasma half-lives of native GLP-1, exenatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide, cagrilintide and the newer co-agonists — and the three engineering strategies (DPP-4 resistance, albumin binding, Fc fusion) that stretch minutes into a week.
Related peptides
References & further reading
- 1.Ji et al. (2025). Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Chinese Adults with Obesity or Overweight. N Engl J Med
- 2.Ji et al. (2022). Safety and efficacy of a GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist mazdutide (IBI362) 9 mg and 10 mg in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity: A randomised, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose phase 1b trial. EClinicalMedicine
- 3.Shirley (2025). Mazdutide: First Approval. Drugs
- 4.Guo et al. (2026). Mazdutide versus dulaglutide in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes. Nature
- 5.Ji et al. (2023). A phase 2 randomised controlled trial of mazdutide in Chinese overweight adults or adults with obesity. Nat Commun
- 6.Zhang et al. (2024). Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial. Diabetes Care
- 7.Dong et al. (2025). Mazdutide, a dual agonist targeting GLP-1R and GCGR, mitigates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction: mechanistic insights from multi-omics analysis. EBioMedicine
- 8.Zhu et al. (2026). Mazdutide versus placebo in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes. Nature
- 9.PubChem — compound summary for Mazdutide (CID 167312357)
- 10.Wikipedia — Mazdutide