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Peptide hormone (natriuretic peptide)

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a 28-residue cardiac hormone secreted by the atria in response to stretch.

By The Peptides Codex Editorial TeamIndividual review date not recorded

Page data last changed: . Chemistry registry snapshot: . Registry refreshes and identity assessments are separate from scientific content review.

Length
28 aa
Class
Peptide hormone (natriuretic peptide)
Function
Promotes natriuresis, diuresis and vasodilation via NPR-A
Context
Cardiovascular and fluid-balance physiology research

A cardiac hormone released on atrial stretch that lowers blood volume and pressure.

Also known as: ANP · ANF · NPPA

Part of the Foundational & therapeutic peptides cluster

Overview

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a 28-residue cardiac hormone secreted by the atria in response to stretch. Encoded by NPPA, it signals through the NPR-A guanylyl-cyclase receptor to promote sodium and water excretion, vasodilation and reduced blood volume. This page is educational and not medical advice.

Source & context

Biological / chemical source: Secreted by cardiac atria; encoded by the NPPA gene

Primary research or clinical context: Cardiovascular and fluid-balance physiology research

Release and signaling

ANP is stored as proANP in atrial granules and cleaved to the active 28-residue form when atrial wall stretch signals volume overload. It binds natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), raising cGMP to trigger renal sodium excretion and smooth-muscle relaxation.

Physiological role

By opposing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, ANP helps defend against extracellular volume expansion and hypertension. It also limits cardiac hypertrophy and vascular remodeling, and its measurement is used in cardiovascular research alongside BNP.

Structure & chemistry

Molecular identity & reference confidence

Source-supported reference

Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.

Molecular form
Atrial natriuretic peptide (source record; form not independently established)
Species
Not established by this molecular identity audit
Termini (N / C)
Not specified / Not specified

Average reference mass

Reference policy updated: 2026-10-05

Molecular formula
C127H203N45O39S3
Average reference mass
≈ 3,080.5
Identifiers

Chemistry values: PubChem, IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology · fetched 2026-09-06.

Clinical development snapshot

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 46 registered studies with “Atrial natriuretic peptide” as an intervention (snapshot 2026-10-01). A registry footprint is not evidence of efficacy or approval.

Registered studies
46
Highest phase reached
Phase 4
Active in latest 100
8
Most recent update
2026-09-23
Most recently updated studies
NCTTitlePhaseStatusUpdated
NCT06343298To Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of MANP in Subjects With Difficult to Control/ Resistant HypertensionPhase 2recruiting2026-09-23
NCT07606183Effects of Different Forms of a Natural Heart Hormone on Blood Pressure and Fluid Balance in Healthy VolunteerEarly phase 1completed2026-05-26
NCT05216042GENESIS: Genotype Guided - Natriuretic Peptides - Cardiometabolic Health StudyNot applicablerecruiting2026-04-09
NCT07057466Prospective Evaluation of AI-ECG for SHD Detection—recruiting2026-03-09
NCT07421622Management of Epistaxis Comparing Nasal Packing Versus Greater Palatine Foramen BlockNot applicablenot yet recruiting2026-02-24
NCT06327529Zinc and Iron Absorption From Common Beans in Young Adult WomenNot applicablerecruiting2026-02-20
See all on ClinicalTrials.gov →
Concentration math

Atrial natriuretic peptide — reconstitution calculator

Enter how much peptide is in the vial and how much diluent (e.g. bacteriostatic water) is added. The tool returns the resulting solution concentration — and, for any amount you type, the volume it corresponds to. This is educational arithmetic, not a dosing recommendation.

Reference form: Atrial natriuretic peptide (source record; form not independently established)Average reference mass: 3,080.5 Da

Syringe graduation
Solution concentration
5 mg/mL5,000 mcg/mL
mcg

Enter an amount to see the volume it corresponds to.

Educational concentration mathematics only. This tool does not recommend a dose, amount, or protocol, and nothing here is medical advice. Many peptides are not authorized by Health Canada for human use — see our reconstitution and bacteriostatic-water guides for context.

Open the Atrial natriuretic peptide calculator on its own page →

FAQ about Atrial natriuretic peptide

What is Atrial natriuretic peptide?+

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a 28-residue cardiac hormone secreted by the atria in response to stretch. Encoded by NPPA, it signals through the NPR-A guanylyl-cyclase receptor to promote sodium and water excretion, vasodilation and reduced blood volume. This page is educational and not medical advice.

What Canadian product status is recorded for Atrial natriuretic peptide?+

Canadian product status for Atrial natriuretic peptide has not been verified in this profile. No verified record here does not mean no authorization exists. Status depends on the product, formulation and use; consult Health Canada's product records.

What is the typical length of Atrial natriuretic peptide?+

Atrial natriuretic peptide is commonly described as approximately 28 amino acids (Peptide hormone (natriuretic peptide)).

Related peptides

Met-enkephalin
Neuropeptide
Met-enkephalin (YGGFM) is an endogenous opioid pentapeptide foundational to pain and reward neurobiology research.
B-type natriuretic peptide
Peptide hormone (natriuretic peptide)
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a 32-residue hormone secreted by cardiac ventricles in response to wall stretch. Cleaved from proBNP alongside the inactive NT-proBNP fragment, it promotes natriuresis, diuresis and vasodilation and is widely used as a heart-failure biomarker. This page is educational and not medical advice.
C-type natriuretic peptide
Peptide hormone (natriuretic peptide)
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a 22-residue peptide of the natriuretic family that acts locally rather than as a circulating natriuretic hormone. Signaling through NPR-B and cGMP, it regulates endochondral bone growth, vascular tone and neuronal function. This page is educational and not medical advice.
Histrelin
GnRH agonist (nonapeptide analog)
Histrelin is a synthetic GnRH agonist peptide administered as a subcutaneous implant that releases drug continuously over about a year. It is an approved prescription medicine for central precocious puberty in children and for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer in adults. This page is educational and is not medical advice.

References & further reading

  1. 1.Cogan (1990). Atrial natriuretic peptide. Kidney Int
  2. 2.Naruse et al. (1989). [Atrial natriuretic peptide]. Kokyu To Junkan
  3. 3.Pruszczyński (1987). [Atrial natriuretic peptide]. Pol Tyg Lek
  4. 4.Wambach (1988). [Atrial natriuretic peptide]. Med Klin (Munich)
  5. 5.Espiner et al. (1987). Human atrial natriuretic peptide. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)
  6. 6.Fu et al. (2022). Pleiotropic Roles of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Cancer Activity. Cancers (Basel)
  7. 7.Choi et al. (2021). Protective Renal Effects of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: Where Are We Now?. Front Physiol
  8. 8.Lu et al. (2023). Regulatory role of atrial natriuretic peptide in brown adipose tissue: A narrative review. Obes Rev
  9. 9.PMC — Atrial natriuretic peptide in cardiovascular biology and disease (NPPA)
  10. 10.Wikipedia — Atrial natriuretic peptide
Disclaimer: Educational content only. Not medical advice. Not instructions for human use. Research peptides and unapproved products may be restricted or illegal to market for human consumption in your jurisdiction. Consult qualified professionals and applicable law.
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