Thymalin

Setmelanotide is a synthetic cyclic octapeptide that selectively activates the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), a signaling hub in the brain's appetite pathway. Sold as Imcivree, it is an approved prescription medicine for certain rare genetic conditions. This page is educational and not medical advice.

BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a synthetic 15-residue peptide, GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, derived from a sequence found in human gastric juice. Hundreds of rodent studies, most from a single Zagreb group, report accelerated healing of tendon, muscle, ligament, gut and skin injuries via VEGFR2, nitric-oxide and ERK1/2 pathways. Human evidence is limited to a small safety study and a retrospective chart review; the first phase 2 efficacy trial began recruiting in 2026. It is not approved anywhere and the FDA barred it from compounding in 2023.

TB-500 is the synthetic, N-acetylated heptapeptide Ac-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln (Ac-LKKTETQ), corresponding to residues 17–23 of thymosin β4, the protein's actin-binding motif. It first appeared as a veterinary preparation and is sold as a research chemical; its metabolism has been characterised in rats. A 2026 rat tendon study reported benefits with vendor-labelled TB-500 whose sequence was not characterized, so it does not establish efficacy of Ac-LKKTETQ. The fragment has no published human efficacy data. No product-specific authorization record has been verified in this profile; human trial registration does not establish approval. Its first registered human trial began recruiting in 2026.

Tirzepatide is a 39-amino-acid synthetic peptide (C225H348N48O68, ≈4,814 Da) that activates both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors. Its backbone is derived from GIP, with an exendin-4-like C-terminal tail, Aib residues at positions 2 and 13, and a C20 fatty diacid on Lys20 that binds albumin for a half-life of about 5 days. Approved as Mounjaro (type 2 diabetes, 2022) and Zepbound (weight management, 2023; obstructive sleep apnoea, 2024).