{ "dataset": "Peptides Codex — peptide directory", "version": "2026-10-14", "licence": "Peptides Codex original editorial contributions: CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Incorporated upstream material retains its source terms; this notice does not relicense it.", "upstream_licences": { "iuphar": "IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology database: ODbL; contents: CC BY-SA 4.0 — https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/about.jsp#license", "pubchem": "Government-created NCBI information is public domain; incorporated contributed or licensed PubChem material can retain its own rights — https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/about/policies/", "clinicaltrials": "ClinicalTrials.gov data is published under the NIH open-access policy" }, "attribution": "Peptides Codex (peptidescodex.com)", "provenance": "Chemistry uses dated PubChem/IUPHAR snapshots and explicitly reviewed reference forms supported by PubChem, reviewed UniProt, NIH GSRS and official medicine labels. The selected evidence and mass basis are stated per record; excluded registry identities are not combined. Trial footprints come from ClinicalTrials.gov. Quarantined identities have no exported reference sequence, formula, mass or identifiers. Registry snapshots, identity assessments and scientific editorial reviews are distinct dates.", "disclaimer": "Educational reference data. Not medical advice; not a product catalogue.", "count": 250, "records": [ { "slug": "insulin", "name": "Insulin", "aliases": [], "category": "foundational", "type": "Hormone", "function": "Glucose regulation", "context": "Diabetes treatment (approved therapeutic)", "length_aa": 51, "sequence": "GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCNFVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKT", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C256H381N65O77S6", "average_mass_da": 5794, "reference_mass_da": 5794, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "70678557", "iuphar_ligand_id": "5012", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB00030", "cas_rn": "9004-10-8", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Insulin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5012", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/70678557", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5012" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/70678557" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 8203, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 72, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/insulin" }, { "slug": "oxytocin", "name": "Oxytocin", "aliases": [], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Social bonding, labor", "context": "Childbirth induction (clinical)", "length_aa": 9, "sequence": "CYIQNCPLG", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C43H66N12O12S2", "average_mass_da": 1007.2, "reference_mass_da": 1007.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "439302", "iuphar_ligand_id": "2174", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL395429", "drugbank_id": "DB00107", "cas_rn": "50-56-6", "unii": "1JQS135EYN" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Oxytocin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2174", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/439302", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2174" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/439302" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "product-records-found", "products": [ { "jurisdiction": "Canada", "regulator": "Health Canada", "ingredient": "OXYTOCIN", "productName": "OXYTOCIN INJECTION USP", "din": "00497398", "drugCode": 4293, "status": "marketed", "schedule": "PRESCRIPTION", "form": { "en": "Solution, 10 units/mL; intramuscular/intravenous routes", "fr": "Solution, 10 unités/mL ; voies intramusculaire/intraveineuse" }, "context": { "en": "The database lists this specific oxytocin medicine as marketed and prescription. Indications and conditions of use are defined by its product monograph.", "fr": "La base répertorie ce médicament précis à base d'ocytocine comme commercialisé et sur ordonnance. Les indications et conditions d'utilisation sont définies dans sa monographie." }, "statusEffectiveAt": "2017-10-16", "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05", "sourceUrl": "https://health-products.canada.ca/dpd-bdpp/info?lang=eng&code=4293", "evidenceUrls": [ "https://health-products.canada.ca/api/drug/drugproduct/?din=00497398&lang=en&type=json", "https://health-products.canada.ca/api/drug/status/?id=4293&lang=en&type=json", "https://health-products.canada.ca/api/drug/activeingredient/?id=4293&lang=en&type=json", "https://health-products.canada.ca/api/drug/form/?id=4293&lang=en&type=json", "https://health-products.canada.ca/api/drug/route/?id=4293&lang=en&type=json", "https://health-products.canada.ca/api/drug/schedule/?id=4293&lang=en&type=json" ] } ] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 929, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 71, "latest_update": "2026-09-28", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/oxytocin" }, { "slug": "glp-1", "name": "GLP-1", "aliases": [ "glucagon-like peptide-1" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Incretin", "function": "Insulin secretion, appetite signaling", "context": "Basis of diabetes & obesity therapeutics", "length_aa": 30, "sequence": "HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "His-Ala-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gln-Ala-Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Arg-NH2", "formula": "C149H226N40O45", "average_mass_da": 3297.6, "reference_mass_da": 3297.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16133831", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human GLP-1(7-36)amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Human GLP-1(7-36)amide", "fr": "GLP-1 humain(7-36) amidé" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free alpha-amino group of L-histidine", "c": "L-arginine carboxamide (-CONH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Select the experimentally isolated human 30-residue amidated active form. GLP-1 is a family name: the selected structure does not represent GLP-1(7-37), precursor GLP-1(1-37), DPP-4 metabolites or radiolabelled tracers.", "fr": "La forme de référence est le GLP-1 humain(7-36) amidé de 30 résidus, identifié expérimentalement. La séquence de 31 résidus du GLP-1(7-37) à acide libre, ses métabolites et les traceurs radioactifs sont des formes distinctes." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16133831", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16133831,44290899,16129706,16133849/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01275/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] }, { "label": "Deacon et al. (1995), experimentally isolated human GLP-1(7-36)amide", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7556682/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "primary experimental provenance for selected human molecular form" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16133831" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16133831,44290899,16129706,16133849/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01275/entry" }, { "source": "Deacon et al. (1995), experimentally isolated human GLP-1(7-36)amide", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7556682/" } ], "half_life": "≈ 1–2 min (DPP-4 cleavage + renal clearance)", "receptors": "GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a class B G-protein-coupled receptor signalling mainly through Gαs / cAMP", "status": "Endogenous hormone — not a product", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 2145, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 86, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/glp-1" }, { "slug": "semaglutide", "name": "Semaglutide", "aliases": [ "NN9535", "Ozempic / Wegovy / Rybelsus (brands)" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Incretin analog", "function": "Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist", "context": "Approved for type 2 diabetes & weight management (prescription)", "length_aa": 31, "sequence": "HXEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVRGRG", "sequence_note": "X = Aib (α-aminoisobutyric acid, 2-aminoisobutyric acid) at position 8 in proglucagon numbering (position 2 of the 31-residue chain)", "modified_sequence": "H-[Aib]-E-G-T-F-T-S-D-V-S-S-Y-L-E-G-Q-A-A-K(C18 diacid-γGlu-2×OEG)-E-F-I-A-W-L-V-R-G-R-G", "formula": "C187H291N45O59", "average_mass_da": 4113.6, "reference_mass_da": 4113.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "56843331", "iuphar_ligand_id": "9724", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "910463-68-2", "unii": "53AXN4NNHX" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Semaglutide, lipidated 31-residue parent peptide", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Free acid" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The sequence flag reflects A versus X notation at chain position 2. X denotes Aib, not alanine; the full modified sequence and C18 lipidation define the reference form. PubChem's 4,114 Da is rounded more coarsely than the curated 4,113.6 Da. This reference describes the parent molecule, not every salt or formulation.", "fr": "Le signalement concerne la notation A ou X à la position 2 de la chaîne. X désigne l'Aib, pas l'alanine ; la séquence modifiée et la lipidation C18 définissent la forme de référence. La valeur PubChem de 4 114 Da est plus arrondie que la valeur éditoriale de 4 113,6 Da. Cette référence décrit la molécule mère, pas tous les sels ou formulations." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9724", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56843331", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "FDA semaglutide chemistry review (2021)", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2021/215256Orig1s000OtherR.pdf", "observedAt": "2026-10-05" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9724" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56843331" }, { "source": "FDA semaglutide chemistry review (2021)", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2021/215256Orig1s000OtherR.pdf" } ], "half_life": "≈ 7 days (≈ 145–165 h in clinical PK studies)", "receptors": "GLP-1 receptor; affinity ≈ 0.38 nM (about 3-fold lower than liraglutide, offset by much higher albumin affinity)", "status": "Approved: Ozempic (2017, T2D), Rybelsus (2019, oral T2D), Wegovy (2021, weight); cardiovascular indication added 2024", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 767, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 73, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/semaglutide" }, { "slug": "bpc-157", "name": "BPC-157", "aliases": [ "Body Protection Compound-157", "BPC157", "PL 14736", "Bepecin", "pentadecapeptide BPC 157" ], "category": "recovery", "type": "Research pentadecapeptide (gastric-juice-derived sequence)", "function": "Studied in rodent models of tendon, muscle, ligament, gut and skin injury; proposed angiogenic and nitric-oxide-related mechanisms", "context": "Not approved in any jurisdiction; FDA barred it from pharmacy compounding in September 2023; first small human efficacy trials registered 2025–2026", "length_aa": 15, "sequence": "GEPPPGKPADDAGLV", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C62H98N16O22", "average_mass_da": 1419.5, "reference_mass_da": 1419.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9941957", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "137525-51-0", "unii": "8ED8NXK95P" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV), 15 residues, linear, proline-rich; described as a stable fragment of a larger gastric-juice protein", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9941957", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9941957" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "No receptor identified. Reviews describe activation of VEGFR2, nitric-oxide synthesis via the Akt–eNOS axis, and ERK1/2 signalling, promoting angiogenesis and fibroblast activity", "status": "Not approved anywhere as of September 2026. FDA declined to allow it in compounding (September 2023). Four registered trials, including a recruiting phase 2 in hamstring strain", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 4, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-09-03", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/bpc-157" }, { "slug": "tb-500", "name": "TB-500", "aliases": [ "Ac-LKKTETQ", "thymosin β4 (17–23) fragment", "TB500", "Tβ4 actin-binding fragment" ], "category": "recovery", "type": "Synthetic thymosin β4 fragment (research peptide)", "function": "N-acetylated 7-residue fragment of thymosin β4's actin-binding motif; in-vitro research, with rodent tendon findings for vendor-labelled material of uncharacterized sequence", "context": "Veterinary-origin research chemical; no product-specific authorization record verified in this profile. One registered human trial (phase 1/2, recruiting 2026) does not establish approval", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": "LKKTETQ", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C38H68N10O14", "average_mass_da": 889, "reference_mass_da": 889, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "62707662", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "885340-08-9", "unii": "QHK6Z47GTG" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Ac-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln — residues 17–23 of thymosin β4 (43 aa), the segment responsible for actin binding, with an N-terminal acetyl group", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Free acid" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/62707662", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/62707662" } ], "half_life": "Not established in humans. In rats the primary metabolite Ac-LK peaked at 0–6 h and Ac-LKK persisted to 72 h", "receptors": "None. The parent motif binds monomeric (G-) actin; the fragment's own biological effects were described in 2024 as undocumented, and only the metabolite Ac-LKKTE showed wound-healing activity in fibroblasts", "status": "No product-specific authorization record verified in this profile; registration of the phase 1/2 trial NCT07487363 does not establish approval", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-03-23", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/tb-500" }, { "slug": "cjc-1295", "name": "CJC-1295", "aliases": [ "CJC1295", "DAC:GRF", "GRF 1-29 (CJC1295)", "CJC-1295 with DAC" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Long-acting GHRH analogue (research compound)", "function": "GHRH(1-29) analogue designed to bind serum albumin after injection, sustaining growth hormone and IGF-1 release for days", "context": "Research compound — never approved. Phase 1/2 studies in healthy adults (2006) and a phase 2 in HIV visceral obesity that was terminated; sold unapproved and prohibited in sport.", "length_aa": 30, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C165H269N47O46", "average_mass_da": 3647.2, "reference_mass_da": 3647.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "91971820", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "446262-90-4", "unii": "62RC32V9N7" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "GHRH(1-29) frame with stabilising substitutions plus a C-terminal lysine carrying a reactive linker (the 'Drug Affinity Complex', DAC) that couples to serum albumin in vivo", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/91971820", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/91971820" } ], "half_life": "Estimated 5.8–8.1 days after subcutaneous injection in healthy adults (Teichman et al., 2006)", "receptors": "Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R)", "status": "Not approved anywhere. Phase 2 in HIV visceral obesity (ConjuChem, NCT00267527) terminated. WADA-prohibited; screened for in doping control.", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2006-10-16", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cjc-1295" }, { "slug": "ipamorelin", "name": "Ipamorelin", "aliases": [ "NNC 26-0161", "Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Growth hormone secretagogue (research compound)", "function": "Selective ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) agonist that releases growth hormone without raising ACTH or cortisol", "context": "Research compound — never approved. Phase 2 trials for post-operative ileus were completed by Helsinn without an approval; sold unapproved as a research peptide and prohibited in sport.", "length_aa": 5, "sequence": "Aib-His-D-2Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C38H49N9O5", "average_mass_da": 711.9, "reference_mass_da": 711.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9831659", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "170851-70-4", "unii": "Y9M3S784Z6" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Pentapeptide Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2, identified in a series lacking the central Ala-Trp dipeptide of GHRP-1 (Raun et al., 1998)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9831659", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9831659" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a, the ghrelin receptor)", "status": "Not approved anywhere. Two phase 2 trials (post-operative ileus, Helsinn) completed; no marketing application. WADA-prohibited.", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 3, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-07-21", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ipamorelin" }, { "slug": "mk-677", "name": "MK-677", "aliases": [ "Ibutamoren", "MK677" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Research compound", "function": "Oral ghrelin mimetic / GH secretagogue", "context": "Research compound (not an approved drug)", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C27H36N4O5S", "average_mass_da": 528.7, "reference_mass_da": 528.7, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "178024", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "159634-47-6", "unii": "GJ0EGN38UL" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Ibutamoren free base", "formLabels": { "en": "Ibutamoren free base", "fr": "Ibutamorène, base libre" }, "species": "Not applicable: synthetic nonpeptide small molecule", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not applicable: nonpeptide", "c": "Not applicable: nonpeptide" }, "modificationState": "unmodified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected reference is ibutamoren free base, 528.7 Da. The generated624.8 Da record is the mesylate salt; it is a separate form. This synthetic nonpeptide has no amino-acid sequence model.", "fr": "La référence retenue est l’ibutamorène sous forme de base libre,528,7 Da. La fiche générée de 624,8 Da désigne le mésylate, une forme distincte. Cette petite molécule synthétique ne relève pas du modèle de masse par séquence peptidique." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/178024/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS", "UNII" ] }, { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22IBUTAMOREN%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "formula", "average mass", "full stereochemical InChIKey" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/178024/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22IBUTAMOREN%22" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 8, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-09-04", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/mk-677" }, { "slug": "melanotan-ii", "name": "Melanotan II", "aliases": [ "MT-2", "MT-II", "Melanotan 2", "MT2", "Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Cyclic melanocortin-receptor agonist (unlicensed research peptide)", "function": "Non-selective melanocortin agonist: MC1R-driven skin pigmentation, MC4R-mediated erectile and appetite effects", "context": "Not approved in any jurisdiction; sold unlawfully online as a tanning injectable. One phase 2 trial registered (2026) as an adjunct to phototherapy", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": "XDHFRWK", "sequence_note": "X = norleucine (Nle), a non-canonical residue; the D-Phe at position 4 and the Asp–Lys lactam bridge that closes the ring are not shown in one-letter code", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C50H69N15O9", "average_mass_da": 1024.2, "reference_mass_da": 1024.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "92432", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1323", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL430239", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "121062-08-6", "unii": "UPF5CJ93X7" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2 — a cyclic lactam-bridged analogue of the α-MSH core sequence His-Phe-Arg-Trp", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide (the des-amide form is bremelanotide)" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1323", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/92432", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1323" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/92432" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Non-selective melanocortin agonist: MC1R (pigmentation), MC3R and MC4R (sexual function, appetite), MC5R", "status": "Not approved in any jurisdiction as of September 2026; one phase 2 trial registered (NCT07437560)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-02-27", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/melanotan-ii" }, { "slug": "pt-141", "name": "Bremelanotide (PT-141)", "aliases": [ "PT-141", "PT141", "Vyleesi", "bremelanotide acetate" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Cyclic melanocortin-receptor agonist (approved medicine)", "function": "Non-selective melanocortin agonist (MC3/MC4-mediated central effects on sexual desire)", "context": "Approved in the US (June 2019, Vyleesi) for premenopausal women with acquired, generalised hypoactive sexual desire disorder; on-demand subcutaneous autoinjector. Grey-market “PT-141” is not the approved product", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C50H68N14O10", "average_mass_da": 1025.2, "reference_mass_da": 1025.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9941379", "iuphar_ligand_id": "10408", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL2070241", "drugbank_id": "DB11653", "cas_rn": "189691-06-3", "unii": "6Y24O4F92S" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Cyclic heptapeptide analogue of α-MSH (Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH); described by IUPHAR as a stabilised, cyclic derivative of αMSH", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Free acid — the des-amide form; the closely related Melanotan II carries a C-terminal amide" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10408", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9941379", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10408" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9941379" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Little selectivity across melanocortin receptors except MC2 (the ACTH receptor); the effect on sexual desire is attributed to MC3 and MC4 agonism in the central nervous system", "status": "Approved in the US as Vyleesi (2019); not approved in Canada or the EU as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 10, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-01-13", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/pt-141" }, { "slug": "ghk-cu", "name": "GHK-Cu", "aliases": [ "copper peptide", "GHK copper" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Cosmetic / research peptide", "function": "Copper-binding tripeptide studied in skin biology", "context": "Permitted cosmetic ingredient for topical use; not an approved drug by any route; injected GHK-Cu has no human data", "length_aa": 3, "sequence": "GHK", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C14H21CuN6O4-", "average_mass_da": 400.9, "reference_mass_da": 400.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "139035031", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Tripeptide Gly-His-Lys (GHK) chelating one copper(II) ion; the copper binds through the glycine amine, the histidine imidazole and backbone nitrogens", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/139035031", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/139035031" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Cosmetic ingredient (topical) in most markets; not an approved drug. Registry: a phase 2 topical wound-healing gel trial recruiting and a phase 4 facial-skin study completed (snapshot September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 3, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-07-15", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ghk-cu" }, { "slug": "mots-c", "name": "MOTS-c", "aliases": [ "mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c", "MOTS-c (human)" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Mitochondrial-derived peptide (research compound)", "function": "Mitochondrial-encoded signalling peptide that regulates metabolic homeostasis and, under stress, moves to the nucleus to change gene expression", "context": "Research compound — not approved anywhere. First phase 2 trial (insulin sensitivity in prediabetes) recruiting as of 2026.", "length_aa": 16, "sequence": "MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C101H152N28O22S2", "average_mass_da": 2174.6, "reference_mass_da": 2174.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "146675088", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1627580-64-6", "unii": "A5CV6JFB78" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Native 16-residue sequence translated from a mitochondrial sORF in the 12S rRNA gene (Lee et al., 2015)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/146675088", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/146675088" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "No classical receptor: acts intracellularly, binding and activating casein kinase 2 (CK2) in skeletal muscle and translocating to the nucleus under stress (Kumagai et al., 2024; Kim et al., 2018)", "status": "Research compound; no approval. Phase 2 trial NCT07505745 (insulin sensitivity in adults with prediabetes and overweight) recruiting in 2026.", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 5, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 4, "latest_update": "2026-07-08", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/mots-c" }, { "slug": "selank", "name": "Selank", "aliases": [ "TP-7", "Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro", "tuftsin analogue" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Synthetic tuftsin analogue (anxiolytic research peptide)", "function": "Heptapeptide analogue of the immunomodulatory tetrapeptide tuftsin, studied for anxiolytic and nootropic effects", "context": "Research compound in North America and Europe — no US, Canadian or EU approval. Clinical studies cited in the literature were conducted in Russia, where it was developed.", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": "TKPRPGP", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C33H57N11O9", "average_mass_da": 751.9, "reference_mass_da": 751.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "11765600", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "129954-34-3", "unii": "TS9JR8EP1G" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) extended by Pro-Gly-Pro", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11765600", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11765600" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Not characterised in the evidence pack; effects in the literature are attributed to changes in GABAergic gene expression and cytokine levels rather than a defined receptor", "status": "No IUPHAR ligand record; no marketing authorisation in the US, Canada or EU. Research compound.", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 2, "highest_phase": "NA", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2023-09-15", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/selank" }, { "slug": "semax", "name": "Semax", "aliases": [ "Pro-Gly-Pro-ACTH(4-7)", "Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro", "MEHFPGP" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Synthetic ACTH-fragment heptapeptide", "function": "ACTH(4-7) analogue studied as a neuroprotective / nootropic peptide, mainly in Russian research", "context": "Registered as a medicine in Russia; not approved in the US, Canada or the EU — sold elsewhere only as an unlicensed research chemical", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C37H51N9O10S", "average_mass_da": 813.9, "reference_mass_da": 813.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9811102", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "80714-61-0", "unii": "I5FAL2585H" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro: residues 4–7 of ACTH (Met-Glu-His-Phe) extended with a Pro-Gly-Pro tripeptide that protects the fragment from rapid degradation", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9811102", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9811102" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "No single receptor established. Proposed actions include modulation of BDNF/TrkB signalling and, in a 2025 mouse study, the μ-opioid receptor gene Oprm1; the ACTH core also binds copper(II) and zinc(II)", "status": "Registered medicine in Russia; not approved in the US, Canada or EU as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/semax" }, { "slug": "substance-p", "name": "Substance P", "aliases": [], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Pain transmission", "context": "Pain research", "length_aa": 11, "sequence": "RPKPQQFFGLM", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C63H98N18O13S", "average_mass_da": 1347.6, "reference_mass_da": 1347.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "36511", "iuphar_ligand_id": "2098", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL235363", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "33507-63-0", "unii": "675VGV5J1D" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Substance P (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2098", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/36511", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2098" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/36511" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 150, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 30, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/substance-p" }, { "slug": "defensin-hnp-1", "name": "Defensin (HNP-1)", "aliases": [], "category": "foundational", "type": "Antimicrobial", "function": "Immune defense", "context": "Infection research", "length_aa": 30, "sequence": "ACYCRIPACIAGERRYGTCIYQGRLWAFCC", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C167H257N47O46", "average_mass_da": 3659.1, "reference_mass_da": 3659.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "56841867", "iuphar_ligand_id": "3648", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "68563-24-6", "unii": "H48TH4J2A2" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Defensin (HNP-1) (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3648", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56841867", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3648" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56841867" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 22, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-08-12", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/defensin-hnp-1" }, { "slug": "cyclosporin-a", "name": "Cyclosporin A", "aliases": [], "category": "foundational", "type": "Cyclic", "function": "Immunosuppression", "context": "Transplant medicine (approved)", "length_aa": 11, "sequence": "XXXLVLAALLV", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical or modified residue in the IUPHAR record", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C62H111N11O12", "average_mass_da": 1202.6, "reference_mass_da": 1202.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "5284373", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1024", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL160", "drugbank_id": "DB00091", "cas_rn": "59865-13-3", "unii": "83HN0GTJ6D" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Cyclosporin A (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1024", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5284373", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1024" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5284373" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1071, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 65, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cyclosporin-a" }, { "slug": "vasopressin", "name": "Vasopressin", "aliases": [ "ADH", "arginine vasopressin" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Hormone", "function": "Water retention, vasoconstriction", "context": "Diabetes insipidus and related clinical uses", "length_aa": 9, "sequence": "CYFQNCPRG", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C46H65N15O12S2", "average_mass_da": 1084.2, "reference_mass_da": 1084.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "644077", "iuphar_ligand_id": "2168", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL373742", "drugbank_id": "DB00067", "cas_rn": "50-56-6", "unii": "Y4907O6MFD" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Vasopressin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2168", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/644077", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2168" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/644077" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 433, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 61, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/vasopressin" }, { "slug": "ghrelin", "name": "Ghrelin", "aliases": [], "category": "foundational", "type": "Hormone", "function": "Appetite & GH release signaling", "context": "Metabolism & appetite research", "length_aa": 28, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C149H249N47O42", "average_mass_da": 3370.9, "reference_mass_da": 3370.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16133832", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1099", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "258279-04-8", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Ghrelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1099", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16133832", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1099" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16133832" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 252, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 25, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ghrelin" }, { "slug": "exendin-4", "name": "Exendin-4", "aliases": [], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Incretin mimetic", "function": "GLP-1 receptor agonist", "context": "Basis for exenatide (approved)", "length_aa": 39, "sequence": "HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "H-His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2", "formula": "C184H282N50O60S", "average_mass_da": 4186.6, "reference_mass_da": 4186.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "45588096", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "141758-74-9", "unii": "9P1872D4OL" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Exendin-4 parent peptide amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Exendin-4 parent peptide amide", "fr": "Exendine-4, peptide mère amidé" }, "species": "Heloderma suspectum (natural sequence); selected molecular reference is not a claim of venom extraction", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free histidyl amino terminus", "c": "L-serinamide (Ser39-NH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected reference is the 39-residue Heloderma suspectum exendin-4 peptide amide, identical in sequence to exenatide. The imported CIDs omit all or some stereochemistry; CID 45588096 supplies the complete stereoisomer.", "fr": "La référence retenue est l’exendine-4 amidée de 39 résidus de Heloderma suspectum, dont la séquence est celle de l’exénatide. Les identifiants importés omettent tout ou partie de la stéréochimie ; la fiche 45588096 décrit le stéréoisomère complet." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/45588096/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expanded sequence", "backbone sequence", "termini and stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/45588096/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS" ] }, { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22EXENATIDE%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "protein sequence reference" ] }, { "label": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=53d03c03-ebf7-418d-88a8-533eabd2ee4f", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "parent/form distinction", "sequence/chemical description", "termini", "formula/mass where explicitly stated" ] }, { "label": "Eng et al., original isolation/characterization of exendin-4 (1992)", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1313797/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "Heloderma suspectum source species", "39-residue natural peptide identity" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/45588096/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/45588096/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22EXENATIDE%22" }, { "source": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=53d03c03-ebf7-418d-88a8-533eabd2ee4f" }, { "source": "Eng et al., original isolation/characterization of exendin-4 (1992)", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1313797/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 378, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 19, "latest_update": "2026-09-24", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/exendin-4" }, { "slug": "octreotide", "name": "Octreotide", "aliases": [ "Sandostatin", "Mycapssa", "octreotide acetate", "SMS 201-995" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Somatostatin analogue (approved medicine)", "function": "Somatostatin receptor agonist — suppresses growth hormone, thyrotropin and gut-hormone secretion", "context": "Approved for acromegaly, TSH-secreting pituitary tumours and neuroendocrine tumours; oral formulation (Mycapssa) approved by the FDA in 2020 and the EMA in 2022; also used in nuclear-medicine imaging", "length_aa": 8, "sequence": "FCFWKTCX", "sequence_note": "F1 is D-Phe; W4 is D-Trp; X8 is threoninol (Thr-ol), not an ordinary threonine acid; disulfide Cys2-Cys7.", "modified_sequence": "H-D-Phe-Cys(1)-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys(1)-Thr-ol", "formula": "C49H66N10O10S2", "average_mass_da": 1019.3, "reference_mass_da": 1019.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "448601", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "83150-76-9", "unii": "RWM8CCW8GP" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Octreotide free peptide, threoninol terminus", "formLabels": { "en": "Octreotide free peptide, threoninol terminus", "fr": "Octréotide, peptide libre à extrémité thréoninol" }, "species": "Synthetic somatostatin analogue; no natural source species applies", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free D-phenylalanyl amino terminus", "c": "L-threoninol (amino alcohol)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected reference is the cyclic D-Phe1/D-Trp4 octreotide parent with a threoninol terminus. The old CID lacks stereochemistry. The label’s free-peptide mass excludes variable acetate equivalents.", "fr": "La référence retenue est l’octréotide cyclique portant D-Phe1, D-Trp4 et une extrémité thréoninol. L’ancien identifiant ne précise pas la stéréochimie. La masse du peptide libre indiquée dans la notice exclut les quantités variables d’acétate." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/448601/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expanded sequence", "backbone sequence", "termini and stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/448601/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS", "UNII" ] }, { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22OCTREOTIDE%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "formula", "average mass", "full stereochemical InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ffaf9462-cdd8-433b-8b03-464a35577fe9", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "parent/form distinction", "sequence/chemical description", "termini", "formula/mass where explicitly stated" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/448601/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/448601/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22OCTREOTIDE%22" }, { "source": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ffaf9462-cdd8-433b-8b03-464a35577fe9" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Somatostatin receptors (SSTR), acting as a somatostatin mimetic", "status": "Approved: injectable and depot forms (acromegaly, neuroendocrine tumours); oral octreotide (Mycapssa) FDA-approved June 2020, EMA 2022, for maintenance in acromegaly", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 327, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 50, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/octreotide" }, { "slug": "angiotensin-ii", "name": "Angiotensin II", "aliases": [ "Ang II", "Human angiotensin II", "5-L-Isoleucineangiotensin II", "Synthetic human angiotensin II" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Vasopressor peptide hormone", "function": "Potent vasoconstrictor and effector of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system", "context": "Endogenous hormone; a synthetic intravenous form is approved by the US FDA (2017) for life-threatening hypotension in septic or other vasodilatory shock unresponsive to conventional vasopressors", "length_aa": 8, "sequence": "DRVYIHPF", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C50H71N13O12", "average_mass_da": 1046.2, "reference_mass_da": 1046.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "172198", "iuphar_ligand_id": "2504", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL408403", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "4474-91-3", "unii": "M089EFU921" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Linear octapeptide Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe, cleaved from angiotensin I by angiotensin-converting enzyme", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Free acid" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2504", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/172198", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2504" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/172198" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors (class A G-protein-coupled receptors); vasoconstriction is AT1-mediated", "status": "Endogenous hormone; synthetic IV angiotensin II approved by the US FDA in 2017 for septic or other vasodilatory shock unresponsive to high-dose conventional vasopressors", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 356, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 57, "latest_update": "2026-09-25", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/angiotensin-ii" }, { "slug": "somatostatin", "name": "Somatostatin", "aliases": [], "category": "foundational", "type": "Hormone", "function": "Inhibits GH, insulin, glucagon", "context": "Basis for analogs in neuroendocrine disease", "length_aa": 14, "sequence": "AGCKNFFWKTFTSC", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys-OH [Cys3-S-S-Cys14]", "formula": "C76H104N18O19S2", "average_mass_da": 1637.9, "reference_mass_da": 1637.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16129706", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human somatostatin-14, intramolecular Cys3-Cys14 disulfide", "formLabels": { "en": "Human somatostatin-14, intramolecular Cys3-Cys14 disulfide", "fr": "Somatostatine-14 humaine, pont disulfure Cys3-Cys14" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free alpha-amino group of L-alanine", "c": "Free L-cysteine carboxylic acid (-COOH)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Select the 14-residue mature human SST-14 molecule, including its native disulfide; this is a single explicitly named reference form of the somatostatin family.", "fr": "La référence est la SST-14 humaine de 14 résidus avec son pont disulfure Cys3-Cys14 et ses extrémités libres. La SST-28 est une autre forme de 28 résidus; sa séquence et sa masse ne sont pas transférées à la SST-14." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129706", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16133831,44290899,16129706,16133849/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P61278/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] }, { "label": "Original MS study of somatostatin-14 disulfide connectivity", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19630027/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "Somatostatin-14 disulfide structure; human species assignment comes from reviewed UniProt P61278" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129706" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16133831,44290899,16129706,16133849/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P61278/entry" }, { "source": "Original MS study of somatostatin-14 disulfide connectivity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19630027/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 362, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 72, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/somatostatin" }, { "slug": "met-enkephalin", "name": "Met-enkephalin", "aliases": [], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Opioid signaling, pain modulation", "context": "Pain & reward research", "length_aa": 5, "sequence": "YGGFM", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C27H35N5O7S", "average_mass_da": 573.7, "reference_mass_da": 573.7, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "443363", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "58569-55-4", "unii": "9JEZ9OD3AS" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Met-enkephalin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/443363", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/443363" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 8, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2024-08-13", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/met-enkephalin" }, { "slug": "tirzepatide", "name": "Tirzepatide", "aliases": [ "LY3298176", "dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist", "twincretin", "Mounjaro / Zepbound (brands)" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Incretin dual agonist", "function": "Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist", "context": "Approved prescription medicine in many markets for T2D/weight management", "length_aa": 39, "sequence": "YXEGTFTSDYSIXLDKIAQKAFVQWLIAGGPSSGAPPPS", "sequence_note": "X2 and X13 are Aib; Lys20 is N6-acylated through a gamma-L-Glu/two8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic-acid linker to1,20-eicosanedioic acid. The backbone code omits that side chain and Ser39 amidation.", "modified_sequence": "H-Tyr-Aib-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Aib-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys[N6: 1,20-eicosanedioic acid via gamma-L-Glu and two8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acids]-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2", "formula": "C225H348N48O68", "average_mass_da": 4813.53, "reference_mass_da": 4813.53, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": "OYN3CCI6QE" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Tirzepatide FDA-defined lipidated parent", "formLabels": { "en": "Tirzepatide FDA-defined lipidated parent", "fr": "Tirzépatide lipidaté, molécule mère définie par la FDA" }, "species": "Synthetic GIP-based peptide analogue; no natural source species applies", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free L-tyrosyl amino terminus", "c": "L-serinamide (Ser39-NH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The FDA-defined39-residue parent has Aib2/Aib13, Lys20 lipidation and Ser39 amidation; the current label states4813.53 Da. The two PubChem candidates have different connectivity keys. This review resolves the regulator-defined reference but does not assert either disputed atomic graph.", "fr": "La molécule mère de 39 résidus définie par la FDA porte Aib2/Aib13, une lipidation sur Lys20 et une amidation sur Ser39 ; la notice actuelle indique 4813,53 Da. Les deux fiches PubChem ont des clés de connectivité différentes. La référence réglementaire est établie, mais aucune des deux structures atomiques contestées n’est affirmée ici." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22TIRZEPATIDE%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "protein sequence reference" ] }, { "label": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=78b268b4-9215-44b4-b565-fcec315d027c", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "parent/form distinction", "sequence/chemical description", "termini", "formula/mass where explicitly stated" ] }, { "label": "FDA pharmacology review, chemical name and linker definition (NDA217806)", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2024/217806Orig1s000PharmR.pdf", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "full39-residue chemical name", "Lys20 linker constituents", "mass-basis distinction: average IUPAC2007 versus monoisotopic" ] }, { "label": "PubChem disputed atomic graphs: same formula but different connectivity keys", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "candidate InChIKeys only; neither candidate selected as an asserted atomic graph" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22TIRZEPATIDE%22" }, { "source": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=78b268b4-9215-44b4-b565-fcec315d027c" }, { "source": "FDA pharmacology review, chemical name and linker definition (NDA217806)", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2024/217806Orig1s000PharmR.pdf" }, { "source": "PubChem disputed atomic graphs: same formula but different connectivity keys", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" } ], "half_life": "≈ 5 days (≈ 117 h)", "receptors": "GIP receptor and GLP-1 receptor. Imbalanced by design: GIPR affinity comparable to native GIP; GLP-1R affinity several-fold weaker than native GLP-1, with signalling biased toward cAMP over β-arrestin recruitment", "status": "Approved: Mounjaro (2022, T2D), Zepbound (2023, weight; 2024, obstructive sleep apnoea)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 295, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 88, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/tirzepatide" }, { "slug": "retatrutide", "name": "Retatrutide", "aliases": [ "LY3437943", "GGG tri-agonist", "triple agonist", "“GLP-3” (informal, inaccurate)" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Incretin triple agonist", "function": "GIP / GLP-1 / glucagon receptor triple agonist (investigational, phase 3)", "context": "Investigational — phase 3 trials in obesity, type 2 diabetes, MASLD, sleep apnoea and cardiovascular outcomes; not approved anywhere as of September 2026", "length_aa": 39, "sequence": "YXQGTFTSDYSIXLDKKAQXAFIEYLLEGGPSSGAPPPS", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical residue: Aib (α-aminoisobutyric acid) at positions 2 and 20; α-methyl-L-leucine at position 13", "modified_sequence": "Y-[Aib]-Q-G-T-F-T-S-D-Y-S-I-[αMeLeu]-L-D-K-K(C20 diacid-γGlu-OEG)-A-Q-[Aib]-A-F-I-E-Y-L-L-E-G-G-P-S-S-G-A-P-P-P-S-NH2", "formula": "C221H342N46O68", "average_mass_da": 4731, "reference_mass_da": 4731, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "171390338", "iuphar_ligand_id": "13769", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "2381089-83-2", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Retatrutide, amidated lipidated 39-residue parent peptide", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The A/L versus X differences denote Aib at positions 2 and 20 and alpha-methyl-leucine at 13. The Lys17 lipid chain and C-terminal amide are part of the form; the letter-only backbone is not an unmodified peptide. The matching PubChem CID supports this parent-form mass.", "fr": "Les différences A/L ou X indiquent l'Aib aux positions 2 et 20 et l'alpha-méthyl-leucine à la position 13. La chaîne lipidique sur Lys17 et l'amide C-terminal font partie de la forme ; le squelette en lettres seules n'est pas un peptide non modifié. Le CID PubChem commun étaye la masse de cette forme mère." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13769", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/171390338", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" }, { "label": "NIH GSRS retatrutide parent record (UNII NOP2Y096GV)", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/NOP2Y096GV", "observedAt": "2026-10-05" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13769" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/171390338" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS retatrutide parent record (UNII NOP2Y096GV)", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/NOP2Y096GV" } ], "half_life": "≈ 6 days", "receptors": "GIP receptor, GLP-1 receptor and glucagon receptor. In vitro the molecule is GIPR-favouring, with GLP-1R activity somewhat lower than native GLP-1 and glucagon receptor activity lower still — a balance chosen so glucagon's energy-expenditure effect is captured without driving glucose up", "status": "Investigational (phase 3). Not approved in any jurisdiction as of September 2026; Eli Lilly has said it plans to file with the FDA in early 2027 and opened a pre-approval expanded-access programme in August 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 33, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 11, "latest_update": "2026-09-28", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/retatrutide" }, { "slug": "ghrp-2", "name": "GHRP-2", "aliases": [ "pralmorelin", "GHRP2" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "Ghrelin receptor agonist / GH secretagogue", "context": "Research compound; pralmorelin has diagnostic uses in some countries", "length_aa": 6, "sequence": "AAAWFK", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C45H55N9O6", "average_mass_da": 818, "reference_mass_da": 818, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "6918245", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1092", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL106593", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "158861-67-7", "unii": "E6S6E1F19M" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "GHRP-2 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1092", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6918245", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1092" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6918245" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ghrp-2" }, { "slug": "ghrp-6", "name": "GHRP-6", "aliases": [ "GHRP6" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "Ghrelin receptor agonist with strong orexigenic signaling", "context": "Research compound (not an approved chronic therapy in most markets)", "length_aa": 6, "sequence": "HWAWFK", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C46H56N12O6", "average_mass_da": 873, "reference_mass_da": 873, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "4345065", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1093", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "GHRP-6 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1093", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4345065", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1093" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4345065" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ghrp-6" }, { "slug": "hexarelin", "name": "Hexarelin", "aliases": [ "examorelin" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "Potent GH secretagogue", "context": "Research compound", "length_aa": 6, "sequence": "HXAWFK", "sequence_note": "X2 is D-2-methyltryptophan; F5 is D-Phe; terminal Lys6 is amidated.", "modified_sequence": "H-His-D-Trp(2-Me)-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2", "formula": "C47H58N12O6", "average_mass_da": 887, "reference_mass_da": 887, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "6918297", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "140703-51-1", "unii": "09QF37C617" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Hexarelin parent hexapeptide amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Hexarelin parent hexapeptide amide", "fr": "Hexaréline, hexapeptide mère amidé" }, "species": "Synthetic peptide; no natural source species applies", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free L-histidyl amino terminus", "c": "L-lysinamide (Lys6-NH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected examorelin/hexarelin parent has six residues, D-2-methyl-Trp2, D-Phe5 and Lys6 amidation. The IUPHAR alias match is named an iodine-labelled Tyr-Ala-hexarelin tracer and cannot supply the parent chemistry.", "fr": "La molécule mère examoréline/hexaréline compte six résidus, avec D-2-méthyl-Trp2, D-Phe5 et Lys6 amidée. La correspondance d’alias IUPHAR porte le nom d’un traceur Tyr-Ala-hexaréline marqué à l’iode et ne peut pas fournir la chimie du peptide mère." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918297/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expanded sequence", "backbone sequence", "termini and stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918297/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS", "UNII" ] }, { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22EXAMORELIN%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "formula", "average mass", "full stereochemical InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "Original human hexarelin sequence definition (1994)", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7957536/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "exact6-residue sequence", "D-2-methyl-Trp2", "D-Phe5", "Lys6 amide" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918297/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918297/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22EXAMORELIN%22" }, { "source": "Original human hexarelin sequence definition (1994)", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7957536/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/hexarelin" }, { "slug": "sermorelin", "name": "Sermorelin", "aliases": [ "GHRH(1-29)", "GRF(1-29)-NH2", "Geref", "sermorelin acetate" ], "category": "growth", "type": "GHRH analogue (former prescription medicine)", "function": "Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor agonist — the active N-terminal 29 residues of GHRH", "context": "Formerly approved (Geref) for diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency in children; US marketing discontinued in 2008. Sold unapproved as a research peptide.", "length_aa": 29, "sequence": "YADAIFTNSYRKVLGQLSARKLLQDIMSR", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C149H246N44O42S", "average_mass_da": 3357.9, "reference_mass_da": 3357.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16132413", "iuphar_ligand_id": "6998", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB00010", "cas_rn": "86168-78-7", "unii": "89243S03TE" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Residues 1–29 of human GHRH (the full hormone is 44 residues); the approved product was the acetate salt of the C-terminally amidated peptide", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide (Arg29-NH2)" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6998", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132413", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6998" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132413" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R), a class B G-protein-coupled receptor on pituitary somatotrophs", "status": "Formerly approved (Geref, US); marketing discontinued 2008. National authorisations may persist elsewhere per IUPHAR. WADA-prohibited.", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 27, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-05-19", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/sermorelin" }, { "slug": "tesamorelin", "name": "Tesamorelin", "aliases": [ "Egrifta", "TH9507", "TH 9507", "tesamorelin acetate" ], "category": "growth", "type": "GHRH analogue (approved medicine)", "function": "Stabilised growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue; stimulates pituitary growth hormone release", "context": "Approved (US FDA, November 2010; Canada) for reduction of excess visceral abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy", "length_aa": 44, "sequence": "YADAIFTNSYRKVLGQLSARKLLQDIMSRQQGESNQERGARARL", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C221H366N72O67S", "average_mass_da": 5136, "reference_mass_da": 5136, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16137828", "iuphar_ligand_id": "6959", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1237026", "drugbank_id": "DB08869", "cas_rn": "218949-48-5", "unii": "MQG94M5EEO" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Full-length human GHRH(1-44) sequence, stabilised (IUPHAR: 'a stabilised synthetic peptide analogue of the hypothalamic peptide GHRH'); marketed as the acetate salt", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6959", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16137828", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6959" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16137828" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) on pituitary somatotrophs", "status": "Approved: US FDA November 2010 (Egrifta) for HIV-associated lipodystrophy; reviewed by CADTH in Canada (2016). Not approved for any other indication.", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 24, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 3, "latest_update": "2026-05-19", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/tesamorelin" }, { "slug": "aod-9604", "name": "AOD-9604", "aliases": [ "AOD9604", "hGH fragment 176-191 related" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "Modified C-terminal hGH fragment studied in metabolic research", "context": "Investigational obesity drug in the early 2000s (phase 2a); development did not lead to approval; sold unapproved as a research chemical", "length_aa": 16, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C78H123N23O23S2", "average_mass_da": 1815.1, "reference_mass_da": 1815.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "71300630", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "221231-10-3", "unii": "7UP768IP4M" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Tyr-hGH(177–191): the C-terminal 15 residues of human growth hormone with an N-terminal tyrosine, 16 residues; contains the hGH disulfide between Cys182 and Cys189", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71300630", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71300630" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Not approved anywhere; no trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (snapshot September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/aod-9604" }, { "slug": "epithalon", "name": "Epithalon", "aliases": [ "Epitalon", "AEDG", "epithalamin related" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "Synthetic tetrapeptide studied in aging and pineal research traditions", "context": "Research compound; not approved as a medicine in the US, Canada or the EU; no registered clinical trials", "length_aa": 4, "sequence": "AEDG", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C14H22N4O9", "average_mass_da": 390.35, "reference_mass_da": 390.35, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "219042", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "307297-39-8", "unii": "O65P17785G" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Linear tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG); free termini", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/219042", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/219042" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Not approved anywhere; no trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (snapshot September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/epithalon" }, { "slug": "ll-37", "name": "LL-37", "aliases": [ "cathelicidin LL-37", "hCAP18 fragment" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Antimicrobial", "function": "Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide", "context": "Innate immunity and infection research; therapeutic development ongoing", "length_aa": 37, "sequence": "LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C205H340N60O53", "average_mass_da": 4493, "reference_mass_da": 4493, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16198951", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Native human LL-37, unmodified 37-residue mature peptide", "formLabels": { "en": "Native human LL-37, unmodified 37-residue mature peptide", "fr": "LL-37 humain natif, peptide mature non modifié de 37 résidus" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free alpha-amino group of L-leucine", "c": "Free L-serine carboxylic acid (-COOH)" }, "modificationState": "unmodified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The reviewed human mature LL-37 chain and the PubChem molecular graph agree exactly. The alternate linked CID is chemically equivalent according to independently retrieved InChIKey and stereocentre counts; differing record IDs alone do not establish different forms.", "fr": "La chaîne mature humaine LL-37 de 37 résidus correspond à la structure moléculaire vérifiée. Les deux CID historiques ont le même InChIKey. FALL-39, le précurseur hCAP-18 et les fragments LL-29 ou LL-23 sont des formes distinctes; les ponts du précurseur ne concernent pas LL-37." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16198951", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16198951,134611881,124886,16132283/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P49913/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] }, { "label": "The human gene FALL39 and processing of the cathelin precursor to the antibacterial peptide LL-37 in granulocytes.", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8681941/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "Original experimental provenance cited by reviewed UniProt; molecular selection is verified from the reviewed entry and PubChem graph" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16198951" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16198951,134611881,124886,16132283/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P49913/entry" }, { "source": "The human gene FALL39 and processing of the cathelin precursor to the antibacterial peptide LL-37 in granulocytes.", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8681941/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 20, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-04-13", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ll-37" }, { "slug": "thymosin-alpha-1", "name": "Thymosin Alpha-1", "aliases": [ "Tα1", "thymalfasin", "Zadaxin" ], "category": "recovery", "type": "Research / clinical peptide", "function": "Immune-modulating thymic peptide", "context": "Approved or used in some countries for specific indications; research use elsewhere", "length_aa": 28, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C129H215N33O55", "average_mass_da": 3108.3, "reference_mass_da": 3108.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16130571", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "62304-98-7", "unii": "W0B22ISQ1C" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Thymosin Alpha-1 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16130571", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16130571" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 64, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 18, "latest_update": "2026-09-14", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/thymosin-alpha-1" }, { "slug": "kisspeptin-10", "name": "Kisspeptin-10", "aliases": [ "Kp-10", "metastin fragment" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "KISS1R agonist fragment regulating reproductive hormone axis", "context": "Reproductive endocrinology research", "length_aa": 10, "sequence": "YNWNSFGLRF", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C63H83N17O14", "average_mass_da": 1302.4, "reference_mass_da": 1302.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "25240297", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1283", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL376756", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "374675-21-5", "unii": "FS1N52VS3S" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Kisspeptin-10 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1283", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25240297", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1283" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25240297" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 5, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2024-08-14", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/kisspeptin-10" }, { "slug": "dsip", "name": "DSIP", "aliases": [ "delta sleep-inducing peptide", "emideltide (INN)", "DSIP nonapeptide", "Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Research nonapeptide (historical sleep-factor candidate)", "function": "Proposed sleep-promoting neuropeptide; sleep link never confirmed and no receptor or gene identified", "context": "Never approved anywhere; a 1970s–80s research compound with an INN (emideltide) but no established physiological role", "length_aa": 9, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C35H48N10O15", "average_mass_da": 848.8, "reference_mass_da": 848.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "68816", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "62568-57-4", "unii": "YN28Z5YZ73" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu (WAGGDASGE), 9 residues, linear; a phosphorylated analogue (P-DSIP) has also been studied", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/68816", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/68816" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "None identified. No DSIP gene or precursor protein has been isolated; DSIP-like immunoreactivity in hypothalamic nuclei may reflect a related, uncharacterised peptide", "status": "Never approved in any jurisdiction; no registered clinical trial as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/dsip" }, { "slug": "kpv", "name": "KPV", "aliases": [ "Lys-Pro-Val", "alpha-MSH fragment" ], "category": "recovery", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "Tripeptide fragment related to α-MSH C-terminus; inflammation research", "context": "Research compound with rodent and cell-culture anti-inflammatory data; no human trials; not approved anywhere", "length_aa": 3, "sequence": "KPV", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C16H30N4O4", "average_mass_da": 342.43, "reference_mass_da": 342.43, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "125672", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "67727-97-3", "unii": "7V6LGD8S5R" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Linear tripeptide Lys-Pro-Val (KPV) = α-MSH residues 11–13; free termini", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/125672", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/125672" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Anti-inflammatory action in cells is PepT1-transporter-dependent rather than via the classical melanocortin receptor (Dalmasso et al., 2008)", "status": "Not approved anywhere; no human trials registered (snapshot September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/kpv" }, { "slug": "peg-mgf", "name": "PEG-MGF", "aliases": [ "PEGylated mechano growth factor", "IGF-1 Ec related" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "PEGylated MGF-related peptide studied in muscle research", "context": "Research compound", "length_aa": 24, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "PEG-MGF (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2025-05-25", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/peg-mgf" }, { "slug": "igf-1-lr3", "name": "IGF-1 LR3", "aliases": [ "Long R3 IGF-1", "LR3 IGF-1", "IGF1 LR3", "Long-Arg3-IGF-1" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Modified insulin-like growth factor 1 (research protein)", "function": "Recombinant 83-residue analogue of IGF-1 used as a cell-culture growth factor and in animal physiology research; activates the IGF-1 receptor tyrosine kinase", "context": "Research compound — a laboratory growth factor with no approval and no human trials; sold unapproved and prohibited in sport", "length_aa": 83, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "83-residue engineered form of human IGF-1 (70 residues); produced recombinantly, including in Pichia pastoris fusion systems (Lu et al., 2023)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase signalling through ERK and PI3K (Sundgren et al., 2003; Salvi et al., 2022)", "status": "Research protein; no approval; no ClinicalTrials.gov entry; prohibited in sport as a growth factor", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/igf-1-lr3" }, { "slug": "ss-31", "name": "SS-31", "aliases": [ "elamipretide", "bendavia", "MTP-131" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Research / clinical peptide", "function": "Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide", "context": "Clinical development history for mitochondrial/cardiac indications; research use", "length_aa": 4, "sequence": "RXKF", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical or modified residue in the IUPHAR record", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C32H49N9O5", "average_mass_da": 639.8, "reference_mass_da": 639.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "11764719", "iuphar_ligand_id": "14276", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL3833370", "drugbank_id": "DB11981", "cas_rn": "736992-21-5", "unii": "87GWG91S09" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "SS-31 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14276", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11764719", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14276" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11764719" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2025-12-12", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ss-31" }, { "slug": "vip", "name": "VIP", "aliases": [ "vasoactive intestinal peptide", "vasoactive intestinal polypeptide" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Vasodilation, smooth muscle, immune and circadian signaling", "context": "Endogenous neuropeptide; native VIP was evaluated as an inhaled therapy for pulmonary hypertension in COPD without further development; no VIP product is approved in North America or the EU", "length_aa": 28, "sequence": "HSDAVFTDNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C147H237N43O43S", "average_mass_da": 3326.8, "reference_mass_da": 3326.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16129679", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1152", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": "NS00125911" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "28 residues, C-terminally amidated; sequence identical in human, mouse and rat; first isolated and sequenced from porcine small intestine", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1152", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129679", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1152" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129679" } ], "half_life": "Minutes: native VIP is rapidly degraded, which limits clinical use (IUPHAR record); an engineered conjugate, PB1046, extended the half-life to roughly 60 hours", "receptors": "VPAC1 and VPAC2 (class B GPCRs, shared with PACAP); VPAC1 predominates in the gastrointestinal tract and drives the GI side effects of native VIP", "status": "Endogenous hormone; not an approved drug. Registry hits for 'VIP' are mostly unrelated acronyms (snapshot September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 127, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 21, "latest_update": "2026-09-30", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/vip" }, { "slug": "snap-8", "name": "SNAP-8", "aliases": [ "acetyl octapeptide-3", "SNAP8" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Cosmetic peptide", "function": "SNARE-related cosmetic peptide used in topical anti-wrinkle research marketing", "context": "Cosmetic / topical ingredient discussions", "length_aa": 8, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C42H72N16O15S", "average_mass_da": 1073.2, "reference_mass_da": 1073.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "71587832", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "SNAP-8 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71587832", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71587832" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/snap-8" }, { "slug": "matrixyl", "name": "Matrixyl", "aliases": [ "palmitoyl pentapeptide-4", "Pal-KTTKS" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Cosmetic peptide", "function": "Signal peptide used in skincare formulations", "context": "Cosmetic ingredient (topical); not a drug; no clinical trials of the peptide alone in the sources reviewed", "length_aa": 5, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C39H75N7O10", "average_mass_da": 802.1, "reference_mass_da": 802.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9897237", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "214047-00-4", "unii": "KK181SM5JG" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Pentapeptide Lys-Thr-Thr-Lys-Ser (KTTKS) with an N-terminal palmitoyl (C16) acyl group", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9897237", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9897237" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Cosmetic ingredient; not approved as a drug; no registered clinical trials (snapshot September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/matrixyl" }, { "slug": "cagrilintide", "name": "Cagrilintide", "aliases": [ "NN9838", "AM833", "long-acting amylin analogue", "DACRA" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Amylin analog (dual amylin / calcitonin receptor agonist)", "function": "Long-acting amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist — satiety, slowed gastric emptying, glucagon suppression", "context": "Investigational; studied alone and co-administered with semaglutide as CagriSema (phase 3 REDEFINE programme)", "length_aa": 37, "sequence": "KCNTATCATQRLAEFLRHSSNNFGPILPPTNVGSNTP", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "(C20 diacid-γGlu)-K-C-N-T-A-T-C-A-T-Q-R-L-A-E-F-L-R-H-S-S-N-N-F-G-P-I-L-P-P-T-N-V-G-S-N-T-P-NH2, with a Cys2–Cys7 disulfide bridge", "formula": "C194H312N54O59S2", "average_mass_da": 4409, "reference_mass_da": 4409, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "171397054", "iuphar_ligand_id": "13768", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB18887", "cas_rn": "1415456-99-3", "unii": "AO43BIF1U8" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human amylin (IAPP), 37 residues, with six substitutions", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13768", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/171397054", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13768" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/171397054" } ], "half_life": "≈ 7–8 days (159–195 h across doses in the phase 1b study)", "receptors": "Amylin receptors (AMY1–3: calcitonin receptor + RAMP1–3) and the calcitonin receptor itself — a dual amylin/calcitonin receptor agonist (DACRA). No GLP-1 receptor activity", "status": "Investigational (phase 3, as CagriSema with semaglutide); not approved as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 44, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 18, "latest_update": "2026-09-30", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cagrilintide" }, { "slug": "survodutide", "name": "Survodutide", "aliases": [ "BI 456906", "EX-A7878", "glucagon/GLP-1 dual agonist" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Dual GLP-1 / glucagon receptor agonist (investigational)", "function": "Glucagon receptor / GLP-1 receptor dual agonist (investigational)", "context": "Investigational — phase 3 trials in obesity (SYNCHRONIZE) and in MASH; not approved as of September 2026", "length_aa": 29, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C192H289N47O61", "average_mass_da": 4232, "reference_mass_da": 4232, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "171378821", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "2805997-46-8", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "29-residue human-glucagon-derived scaffold (glucagon itself starts H-S-Q-G-T-F-T-S-D-Y-S-K-Y-L-D-S-R-R-A-Q-D-F-V-Q-W-L-M-N-T)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Registry records link different PubChem CIDs. Their molecular forms have not been reconciled; generated cross-source identifiers are not combined. Any retained curated chemistry describes its explicitly selected PubChem form.", "fr": "Les registres renvoient à des CID PubChem distincts. Leurs formes moléculaires ne sont pas réconciliées ; les identifiants générés des sources ne sont pas combinés. La chimie éditoriale conservée décrit sa forme PubChem explicitement sélectionnée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13383", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/171378821", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13383" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/171378821" } ], "half_life": "Supports once-weekly dosing (published population estimates are on the order of several days)", "receptors": "Glucagon receptor (GCGR) and GLP-1 receptor — balanced so glucagon's energy-expenditure and hepatic effects are captured without hyperglycaemia", "status": "Investigational (phase 3: SYNCHRONIZE obesity programme; MASH programme). Not approved as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 28, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 10, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/survodutide" }, { "slug": "mazdutide", "name": "Mazdutide", "aliases": [ "IBI362", "LY3305677", "oxyntomodulin analogue" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Dual GLP-1 / glucagon receptor agonist (oxyntomodulin analog)", "function": "GLP-1 receptor / glucagon receptor dual agonist derived from oxyntomodulin", "context": "Approved in China (2025) for chronic weight management and for type 2 diabetes; not approved in North America or Europe as of September 2026", "length_aa": 34, "sequence": "HXQGTFTSDYSKYLDEKKAKEFVEWLLEGGPSSG", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical residue (X, K20 and G34 residues are modified.)", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C207H317N45O65", "average_mass_da": 4476, "reference_mass_da": 4476, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "167312357", "iuphar_ligand_id": "13924", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB19099", "cas_rn": "2259884-03-0", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Oxyntomodulin-derived scaffold (oxyntomodulin = glucagon plus an 8-residue C-terminal extension) with Aib at position 2", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13924", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/167312357", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13924" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/167312357" } ], "half_life": "Supports once-weekly dosing (published estimates are on the order of several days)", "receptors": "GLP-1 receptor and glucagon receptor (GCGR), inherited from oxyntomodulin's native dual activity and rebalanced", "status": "Approved in China (NMPA): chronic weight management (27 June 2025) and type 2 diabetes (2025). Not approved in the US, Canada or EU as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 43, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 24, "latest_update": "2026-09-28", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/mazdutide" }, { "slug": "gonadorelin", "name": "Gonadorelin", "aliases": [ "GnRH", "GnRH-I", "LHRH", "gonadorelin acetate", "gonadorelin hydrochloride", "Fertagyl (veterinary)" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Hypothalamic decapeptide hormone (GnRH), synthetic", "function": "Stimulates pulsatile release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary via the GnRH receptor", "context": "Approved in various markets as a diagnostic agent for pituitary function and, by pulsatile pump, for fertility; widely approved in veterinary medicine; not a research-only compound", "length_aa": 10, "sequence": "XHWSYGLRPG", "sequence_note": "X1 is L-pyroglutamate; Gly10 is amidated.", "modified_sequence": "H-Pyr-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2", "formula": "C55H75N17O13", "average_mass_da": 1182.32, "reference_mass_da": 1182.32, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "638793", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "33515-09-2", "unii": "9O7312W37G" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Gonadorelin parent GnRH-I amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Gonadorelin parent GnRH-I amide", "fr": "Gonadoréline GnRH-I, molécule mère amidée" }, "species": "Mammalian GnRH-I sequence; bovine endogenous identity is explicitly documented in the veterinary label", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "L-pyroglutamyl lactam", "c": "Glycinamide (Gly10-NH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected mammalian GnRH-I parent has pyroglutamate1 and Gly10 amidation. Official labels distinguish this parent from acetate/HCl salts. The old linked CID returns a different molecular formula, not the selected gonadorelin formula.", "fr": "La GnRH-I mammalienne retenue porte un pyroglutamate en position 1 et une Gly10 amidée. Les notices distinguent cette molécule mère des sels d’acétate et de chlorhydrate. L’ancien identifiant renvoie à une formule moléculaire différente de celle de la gonadoréline retenue." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/638793/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expanded sequence", "backbone sequence", "termini and stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/638793/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS" ] }, { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22GONADORELIN%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "protein sequence reference" ] }, { "label": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9bc44a48-ff45-468a-a60d-c490a667d91d", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "parent/form distinction", "sequence/chemical description", "termini", "formula/mass where explicitly stated" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/638793/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/638793/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22GONADORELIN%22" }, { "source": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9bc44a48-ff45-468a-a60d-c490a667d91d" } ], "half_life": "Minutes — rapidly cleaved by peptidases at Gly6-Leu7 and Pro9-Gly10; the reason its analogues substitute those positions", "receptors": "GnRH receptor (GnRHR), a Gq-coupled receptor on pituitary gonadotrophs; pulsatile activation releases LH and FSH, continuous activation desensitises the receptor", "status": "Approved: diagnostic and pulsatile-fertility use in various human markets; veterinary products (e.g. Fertagyl) widely approved", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1162, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 84, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/gonadorelin" }, { "slug": "melanotan-1", "name": "Melanotan-1", "aliases": [ "Afamelanotide", "NDP-MSH", "[Nle4,D-Phe7]-α-MSH", "Scenesse" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Synthetic α-MSH analog (melanocortin agonist)", "function": "Studied as a melanocortin-1 receptor agonist affecting melanin production", "context": "Approved as afamelanotide for a rare photosensitivity disorder in some regions; not a tanning drug in Canada", "length_aa": 13, "sequence": "SYSXEHFRWGKPV", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical residue (N-terminal serine is acetylated; X=Nle; phenylalanine residue at position 7 is D-Phe; C-terminal valine residue is amidated)", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C78H111N21O19", "average_mass_da": 1646.8, "reference_mass_da": 1646.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16197727", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1324", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL441738", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "75921-69-6", "unii": "QW68W3J66U" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Melanotan-1 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1324", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16197727", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1324" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16197727" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/melanotan-1" }, { "slug": "follistatin-344", "name": "Follistatin-344", "aliases": [ "FS-344", "FST-344", "follistatin precursor" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Glycoprotein / activin-binding protein isoform", "function": "Binds and neutralizes TGF-β family ligands including myostatin and activin", "context": "Research protein studied in muscle biology; not an approved drug in Canada", "length_aa": 344, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Follistatin-344 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": "PHASE1", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2024-05-13", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/follistatin-344" }, { "slug": "adipotide", "name": "Adipotide", "aliases": [ "Prohibitin-TP01", "TP01", "FTPP" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Chimeric pro-apoptotic peptidomimetic (investigational)", "function": "Studied as a targeting peptide directed at adipose-tissue vasculature", "context": "Discontinued investigational compound; not an approved drug in Canada", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C111H206N36O28S2", "average_mass_da": 2557.2, "reference_mass_da": 2557.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "163360068", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "859216-15-2", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Adipotide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/163360068", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/163360068" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/adipotide" }, { "slug": "humanin", "name": "Humanin", "aliases": [ "HN", "MT-RNR2-derived peptide" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP)", "function": "Studied as a cytoprotective signaling peptide", "context": "Research peptide; not an approved drug in Canada", "length_aa": 24, "sequence": "MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C119H204N34O32S2", "average_mass_da": 2687.2, "reference_mass_da": 2687.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16131438", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1047", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "330936-69-1", "unii": "H975EUX36G" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Humanin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1047", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16131438", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1047" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16131438" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 3, "highest_phase": "NA", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-07-08", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/humanin" }, { "slug": "dihexa", "name": "Dihexa", "aliases": [ "PNB-0408", "ATH-1001", "N-hexanoyl-Tyr-Ile-(6)-aminohexanamide" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Angiotensin IV-derived peptidomimetic (research compound)", "function": "Metabolically stabilised angiotensin IV analogue studied as a hepatocyte growth factor / c-Met potentiator with procognitive effects in rodents", "context": "Research compound — no approval, no registered clinical trial. Rodent and cell data only; one key mechanism paper has been retracted.", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C27H44N4O5", "average_mass_da": 504.7, "reference_mass_da": 504.7, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "129010512", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1401708-83-5", "unii": "9WYX65A5C2" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Not a linear peptide: a Tyr-Ile dipeptide capped N-terminally with hexanoic acid and C-terminally with 6-aminohexanamide, derived from the angiotensin IV core", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/129010512", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/129010512" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Proposed: potentiation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signalling at the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase; AT4 receptor activation is the angiotensin IV framing (Wright & Harding, 2015; Ho et al., 2018)", "status": "Research compound; no approval; no ClinicalTrials.gov entry. Benoist et al. 2014 (JPET), a key mechanism paper, is retracted.", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/dihexa" }, { "slug": "thymalin", "name": "Thymalin", "aliases": [ "thymus polypeptide fraction", "thymalinum" ], "category": "recovery", "type": "Thymus-derived polypeptide complex (mixture)", "function": "Studied as an immunomodulatory thymic bioregulator", "context": "Used in some Eastern European clinical contexts; not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C33H54N12O15", "average_mass_da": 858.9, "reference_mass_da": 858.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "3085284", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "63958-90-7", "unii": "9H198D04WL" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Thymalin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3085284", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3085284" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/thymalin" }, { "slug": "cerebrolysin", "name": "Cerebrolysin", "aliases": [ "FPF-1070", "FPF1070", "Cere" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Porcine brain-derived peptide mixture", "function": "Undefined mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and amino acids with proposed neurotrophic and neuroprotective activity", "context": "Marketed and used clinically in Russia, Eastern Europe, China and other Asian and post-Soviet countries for stroke and dementia; not approved by the FDA, Health Canada or the EMA", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "No defined sequence — a heterogeneous digest of porcine brain proteins; mass-spectrometry has identified enkephalins, partial enkephalin analogues and β-lipotropin fragments among its peptides", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Used clinically in Russia, Eastern Europe, China and other Asian and post-Soviet countries; not approved by the FDA, Health Canada or the EMA as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 43, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 9, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cerebrolysin" }, { "slug": "liraglutide", "name": "Liraglutide", "aliases": [ "Victoza", "Saxenda" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "GLP-1 receptor agonist (acylated peptide)", "function": "Incretin-mimetic signaling at the GLP-1 receptor", "context": "Prescription medicine approved in Canada, the US and EU", "length_aa": 31, "sequence": "HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVRGRG", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "H-A-E-G-T-F-T-S-D-V-S-S-Y-L-E-G-Q-A-A-K(γGlu-C16 palmitoyl)-E-F-I-A-W-L-V-R-G-R-G", "formula": "C172H265N43O51", "average_mass_da": 3751.2, "reference_mass_da": 3751.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16134956", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1133", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201866", "drugbank_id": "DB06655", "cas_rn": "204656-20-2", "unii": "839I73S42A" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human GLP-1(7-37), 31 residues, 97% sequence identity with the native hormone", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Free acid (Gly37)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1133", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16134956", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1133" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16134956" } ], "half_life": "≈ 13 h (once-daily dosing)", "receptors": "GLP-1 receptor (full agonist; GLP-1R affinity ~0.1 nM in the discovery assays)", "status": "Approved: Victoza (2010, T2D), Saxenda (2014, weight); generics available since 2024", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 514, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 43, "latest_update": "2026-09-21", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/liraglutide" }, { "slug": "dulaglutide", "name": "Dulaglutide", "aliases": [ "Trulicity", "LY2189265" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "GLP-1 receptor agonist (Fc-fusion protein; approved medicine)", "function": "Once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist: two GLP-1 analogues fused to a human IgG4 Fc fragment", "context": "Approved for type 2 diabetes in adults (Canada, US, EU) and — since 2022 trial data — in youths aged 10 and over; the most-used comparator in the tirzepatide and orforglipron programmes", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "7638", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "923950-08-7", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Two GLP-1 analogue chains covalently linked to a modified human IgG4 Fc fragment; a recombinant protein, not a synthetic peptide", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7638", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7638" } ], "half_life": "Immunoreactivity detectable for more than 6 days after a dose (IUPHAR); supports once-weekly administration", "receptors": "GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)", "status": "Approved (Trulicity): type 2 diabetes in adults and, following the 2022 AWARD-PEDS trial, youths aged 10+", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 142, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 23, "latest_update": "2026-09-25", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/dulaglutide" }, { "slug": "teriparatide", "name": "Teriparatide", "aliases": [ "Forteo", "PTH(1-34)" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Recombinant parathyroid hormone fragment", "function": "Anabolic parathyroid-hormone receptor signaling", "context": "Prescription medicine approved in Canada and the US", "length_aa": 34, "sequence": "SVSEIQLMHNLGKHLNSMERVEWLRKKLQDVHNF", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C181H291N55O51S2", "average_mass_da": 4117.8, "reference_mass_da": 4117.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16133850", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "52232-67-4", "unii": "10T9CSU89I" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Teriparatide human PTH(1-34) free peptide", "formLabels": { "en": "Teriparatide human PTH(1-34) free peptide", "fr": "Tériparatide PTH humaine(1-34), peptide libre" }, "species": "Homo sapiens PTH(1-34) amino-acid sequence; recombinant production", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free L-seryl amino terminus", "c": "Free L-phenylalanine carboxylic acid" }, "modificationState": "unmodified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected reference is the unmodified human PTH(1-34) parent with free termini. Official label chemistry agrees with the 34-residue sequence. The disputed PubChem CIDs have identical full InChIKeys and formulas in the dated response, resolving their literal identifier difference.", "fr": "La référence retenue est la PTH humaine(1-34), non modifiée et à extrémités libres. La chimie de la notice concorde avec les 34 résidus. Les deux identifiants PubChem présentent la même clé InChI complète et la même formule dans la réponse datée ; leur différence d’identifiant est donc résolue." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16133850/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expanded sequence", "backbone sequence", "termini and stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16133850/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS" ] }, { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22TERIPARATIDE%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "protein sequence reference" ] }, { "label": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ab322675-4769-45b0-b146-14fbaa3135d0", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "parent/form distinction", "sequence/chemical description", "termini", "formula/mass where explicitly stated" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16133850/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16133850/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22TERIPARATIDE%22" }, { "source": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ab322675-4769-45b0-b146-14fbaa3135d0" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 182, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 17, "latest_update": "2026-09-03", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/teriparatide" }, { "slug": "setmelanotide", "name": "Setmelanotide", "aliases": [ "Imcivree", "RM-493" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist peptide", "function": "Selective activation of the MC4 receptor in appetite pathways", "context": "Prescription medicine approved for rare genetic conditions", "length_aa": 8, "sequence": "RCAHFRWC", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C49H68N18O9S2", "average_mass_da": 1117.3, "reference_mass_da": 1117.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "11993702", "iuphar_ligand_id": "9272", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "920014-72-8", "unii": "N7T15V1FUY" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Setmelanotide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9272", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11993702", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9272" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11993702" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 27, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 5, "latest_update": "2026-08-10", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/setmelanotide" }, { "slug": "mgf", "name": "MGF", "aliases": [ "mechano growth factor", "IGF-1Ec" ], "category": "growth", "type": "IGF-1 splice-variant peptide", "function": "Studied for signaling in muscle repair and satellite-cell activation", "context": "Investigational research peptide; not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": 24, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "MGF (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 102, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 13, "latest_update": "2026-08-10", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/mgf" }, { "slug": "follistatin-315", "name": "Follistatin-315", "aliases": [ "FS-315", "FST-315" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Activin-binding glycoprotein isoform", "function": "Binds and neutralizes activin and other TGF-beta family ligands", "context": "Investigational research protein; not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": 315, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Follistatin-315 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/follistatin-315" }, { "slug": "ace-031", "name": "ACE-031", "aliases": [ "ActRIIB-IgG1", "ramatercept" ], "category": "growth", "type": "ActRIIB decoy-receptor fusion protein", "function": "Sequesters myostatin and related ligands away from ActRIIB", "context": "Investigational compound; development halted, not approved", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "ACE-031 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 4, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2022-10-13", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ace-031" }, { "slug": "thymosin-beta-4", "name": "Thymosin beta-4", "aliases": [ "TB4", "Tβ4" ], "category": "recovery", "type": "Actin-sequestering peptide", "function": "Regulates actin polymerization within cells", "context": "Investigational research peptide; not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": 43, "sequence": "SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSKLKKTETQEKNPLPSKETIEQEKQAGES", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C212H350N56O78S", "average_mass_da": 4963, "reference_mass_da": 4963, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "45382195", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Thymosin beta-4 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/45382195", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/45382195" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 18, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 3, "latest_update": "2026-08-28", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/thymosin-beta-4" }, { "slug": "glutathione", "name": "Glutathione", "aliases": [ "GSH", "gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Antioxidant tripeptide", "function": "Cellular redox buffering and detoxification chemistry", "context": "Sold as a dietary supplement; studied in biochemistry", "length_aa": 3, "sequence": "XCG", "sequence_note": "X positions gamma-L-glutamyl residue; its gamma-carboxyl, rather than alpha-carboxyl, forms the peptide bond to L-cysteine", "modified_sequence": "gamma-L-Glu-Cys-Gly-OH", "formula": "C10H17N3O6S", "average_mass_da": 307.33, "reference_mass_da": 307.33, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "124886", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Reduced L-glutathione, gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine", "formLabels": { "en": "Reduced L-glutathione, gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine", "fr": "Glutathion L réduit, gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cystéinylglycine" }, "species": "Not species-specific; physiological biosynthetic L-form", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free alpha-amino group of L-glutamate", "c": "Free glycine carboxylic acid (-COOH); glutamate alpha-carboxyl also remains free" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The primary PubChem IUPAC name and molecular graph establish gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly order, both L stereocentres and a reduced thiol. This is a non-ribosomal tripeptide, so no UniProt precursor is assigned. X avoids depicting its first bond as an ordinary alpha-peptide linkage.", "fr": "La référence est le glutathion L réduit avec la liaison gamma-glutamyle et le thiol libre de la cystéine. X représente le résidu gamma-L-Glu dans XCG. La notation historique CEG inverse l’ordre; ECG seul ne précise pas la liaison gamma. Le glutathion oxydé et les sels sont exclus." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/124886", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16198951,134611881,124886,16132283/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/124886" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16198951,134611881,124886,16132283/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 270, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 45, "latest_update": "2026-09-25", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/glutathione" }, { "slug": "carnosine", "name": "Carnosine", "aliases": [ "beta-alanyl-L-histidine" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Dipeptide", "function": "pH buffering and metal-ion and carbonyl chemistry in tissue", "context": "Endogenous dipeptide sold as a dietary supplement; not an approved drug in North America or the EU; a zinc–carnosine complex is studied for gastric conditions", "length_aa": 2, "sequence": "β-Ala-His", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C9H14N4O3", "average_mass_da": 226.23, "reference_mass_da": 226.23, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "439224", "iuphar_ligand_id": "4559", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL242948", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "305-84-0", "unii": "8HO6PVN24W" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Dipeptide of β-alanine (amine on the β-carbon) and L-histidine; free termini", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4559", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/439224", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4559" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/439224" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "No receptor; acts as an intracellular proton buffer (imidazole pKa near physiological pH), carbonyl scavenger and metal chelator; hydrolysed by serum carnosinase (CNDP1)", "status": "Dietary supplement; endogenous metabolite (IUPHAR ligand 4559); 53 registered studies, mostly of zinc–carnosine or β-alanine (snapshot September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 53, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 3, "latest_update": "2026-06-17", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/carnosine" }, { "slug": "collagen-peptides", "name": "Collagen peptides", "aliases": [ "hydrolyzed collagen", "collagen hydrolysate" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Hydrolyzed protein mixture", "function": "Supply amino acids and short peptides derived from collagen", "context": "Sold as a dietary supplement and cosmetic ingredient", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Collagen peptides (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 233, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 42, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/collagen-peptides" }, { "slug": "larazotide", "name": "Larazotide", "aliases": [ "larazotide acetate", "AT-1001" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Tight-junction regulator peptide", "function": "Studied for regulating intestinal tight-junction permeability", "context": "Investigational compound; Phase 3 program discontinued, not approved", "length_aa": 8, "sequence": "GGVLVQPG", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C32H55N9O10", "average_mass_da": 725.8, "reference_mass_da": 725.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9810532", "iuphar_ligand_id": "13724", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL2105646", "drugbank_id": "DB05645", "cas_rn": "258818-34-7", "unii": "ZN3R5560ZV" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Larazotide, eight-residue free peptide (not acetate salt)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free amine", "c": "Free acid" }, "modificationState": "unmodified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "H- and -OH denote free termini around the same eight-residue GGVLVQPG chain. They are not additional residues. The reference is the free peptide, not larazotide acetate.", "fr": "H- et -OH désignent les extrémités libres de la même chaîne GGVLVQPG de huit résidus. Ce ne sont pas des résidus supplémentaires. La référence est le peptide libre, pas l'acétate de larazotide." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13724", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9810532", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13724" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9810532" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 29, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-09-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/larazotide" }, { "slug": "pramlintide", "name": "Pramlintide", "aliases": [ "Symlin", "AC-137" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Amylin analog", "function": "Synthetic amylin (IAPP) analog studied in glucose and satiety signaling", "context": "Approved prescription medicine in the United States (adjunct to insulin); prescription only", "length_aa": 37, "sequence": "KCNTATCATNRLANFLVHSSNNFGPILPPTNVGSNTY", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C171H267N51O53S2", "average_mass_da": 3949, "reference_mass_da": 3949, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "70691388", "iuphar_ligand_id": "7482", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB01278", "cas_rn": "151126-32-8", "unii": "D3FM8FA78T" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Pramlintide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7482", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/70691388", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7482" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/70691388" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 64, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 5, "latest_update": "2026-07-09", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/pramlintide" }, { "slug": "amylin", "name": "Amylin", "aliases": [ "IAPP", "islet amyloid polypeptide" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Hormone", "function": "Co-secreted with insulin; involved in gastric emptying and satiety signaling", "context": "Endogenous hormone; basis for engineered analogs studied in metabolism research", "length_aa": 37, "sequence": "KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGAILSSTNVGSNTY", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C165H261N51O55S2", "average_mass_da": 3903.3, "reference_mass_da": 3903.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16132430", "iuphar_ligand_id": "688", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "124447-81-0", "unii": "U3U3114NE1" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Amylin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=688", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132430", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=688" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132430" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 109, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 17, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/amylin" }, { "slug": "glucagon", "name": "Glucagon", "aliases": [], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Hormone", "function": "Raises blood glucose; principal counter-regulatory hormone to insulin", "context": "Endogenous hormone; approved emergency medicine and a receptor target in dual/triple agonist research", "length_aa": 29, "sequence": "HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C153H225N43O49S", "average_mass_da": 3482.7, "reference_mass_da": 3482.7, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16132283", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human glucagon(1-29), unmodified free-acid mature peptide", "formLabels": { "en": "Human glucagon(1-29), unmodified free-acid mature peptide", "fr": "Glucagon humain(1-29), peptide mature non modifié à acide libre" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free alpha-amino group of L-histidine", "c": "Free L-threonine carboxylic acid (-COOH)" }, "modificationState": "unmodified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Select the mature 29-residue unmodified human glucagon chain. Both former CIDs have the same independently verified InChIKey and fully defined stereochemistry, so the differing identifiers are duplicate molecular records.", "fr": "La référence est le glucagon humain mature de 29 résidus, sans phosphorylation et à extrémités libres. Les deux CID historiques ont le même InChIKey. Le précurseur, les formes modifiées et les contre-ions des préparations ne sont pas incorporés à cette molécule." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132283", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16198951,134611881,124886,16132283/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01275/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132283" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16198951,134611881,124886,16132283/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01275/entry" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "product-records-found", "products": [ { "jurisdiction": "Canada", "regulator": "Health Canada", "ingredient": "GLUCAGON", "productName": "BAQSIMI", "din": "02492415", "drugCode": 98243, "status": "marketed", "schedule": "ETHICAL", "form": { "en": "Nasal powder, 3 mg per single-dose device", "fr": "Poudre nasale, 3 mg par dispositif à dose unique" }, "context": { "en": "The database lists this specific glucagon product as marketed. Its recorded schedule is ETHICAL; this record is not presented as a prescription classification. Indications and conditions of use are defined by its product monograph.", "fr": "La base répertorie ce produit précis à base de glucagon comme commercialisé. Son annexe enregistrée est ETHICAL ; cette fiche ne la présente pas comme une classification sur ordonnance. Les indications et conditions d'utilisation sont définies dans sa monographie." }, "statusEffectiveAt": "2024-09-23", "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05", "sourceUrl": "https://health-products.canada.ca/dpd-bdpp/info?lang=eng&code=98243", "evidenceUrls": [ "https://health-products.canada.ca/api/drug/drugproduct/?din=02492415&lang=en&type=json", "https://health-products.canada.ca/api/drug/status/?id=98243&lang=en&type=json", "https://health-products.canada.ca/api/drug/activeingredient/?id=98243&lang=en&type=json", "https://health-products.canada.ca/api/drug/form/?id=98243&lang=en&type=json", "https://health-products.canada.ca/api/drug/route/?id=98243&lang=en&type=json", "https://health-products.canada.ca/api/drug/schedule/?id=98243&lang=en&type=json" ] } ] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1511, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 86, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/glucagon" }, { "slug": "oxyntomodulin", "name": "Oxyntomodulin", "aliases": [ "OXM" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Gut hormone", "function": "Naturally dual-acting: activates both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors", "context": "Endogenous hormone; a natural template for dual-agonist metabolic peptide design", "length_aa": 37, "sequence": "HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTKRNRNNIA", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C192H295N59O60S", "average_mass_da": 4422, "reference_mass_da": 4422, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16144019", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "62340-29-8", "unii": "LV7ELH7V16" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Oxyntomodulin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16144019", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16144019" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 10, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2025-09-10", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/oxyntomodulin" }, { "slug": "gip", "name": "GIP", "aliases": [ "glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide", "gastric inhibitory polypeptide" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Incretin", "function": "Incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion after eating", "context": "Endogenous hormone; one of the two receptors targeted by dual agonists like tirzepatide", "length_aa": 42, "sequence": "YAEGTFISDYSIAMDKIHQQDFVNWLLAQKGKKNDWKHNITQ", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "3542", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "100040-31-1", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "GIP (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3542", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3542" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 255, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 79, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/gip" }, { "slug": "secretin", "name": "Secretin", "aliases": [], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Hormone", "function": "Stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion; regulates duodenal pH", "context": "Endogenous hormone; used diagnostically (e.g., pancreatic function and gastrinoma testing)", "length_aa": 27, "sequence": "HSDGTFTSELSRLREGARLQRLLQGLV", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C130H219N43O42", "average_mass_da": 3056.4, "reference_mass_da": 3056.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16129665", "iuphar_ligand_id": "3643", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201488", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "108153-74-8", "unii": "88C55N56UU" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Secretin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3643", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129665", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3643" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129665" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 53, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 12, "latest_update": "2026-08-06", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/secretin" }, { "slug": "motilin", "name": "Motilin", "aliases": [], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Gut hormone", "function": "Drives the migrating motor complex — gut contractions between meals", "context": "Endogenous hormone; its receptor inspired 'motilide' prokinetic research", "length_aa": 22, "sequence": "FVPIFTYGELQRMQEKERNKGQ", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C120H188N34O35S", "average_mass_da": 2699.1, "reference_mass_da": 2699.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16136567", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human motilin(1-22), native free-acid mature peptide", "formLabels": { "en": "Human motilin(1-22), native free-acid mature peptide", "fr": "Motiline humaine(1-22), peptide mature natif à acide libre" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free alpha-amino group of L-phenylalanine", "c": "Free L-glutamine carboxylic acid (-COOH)" }, "modificationState": "unmodified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The reviewed human precursor, original human cDNA study and PubChem graph agree on the 22-residue methionine-containing human chain.", "fr": "La chaîne humaine de 22 résidus contient une méthionine et correspond au précurseur humain vérifié et à la structure PubChem. La séquence historique FVPIFTHSELQKIREKERNKGQ diffère à plusieurs positions et sa formule sans soufre ne décrit pas cette motiline humaine." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16136567", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/44278361,16136567,155817406,9833444/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P12872/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] }, { "label": "Sequence of an intestinal cDNA encoding human motilin precursor.", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3666144/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "primary experimental provenance for selected human molecular form" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16136567" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/44278361,16136567,155817406,9833444/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P12872/entry" }, { "source": "Sequence of an intestinal cDNA encoding human motilin precursor.", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3666144/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 16, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2024-07-10", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/motilin" }, { "slug": "peptide-yy", "name": "Peptide YY", "aliases": [ "PYY", "peptide tyrosine tyrosine" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Gut hormone", "function": "Post-meal satiety signaling; slows gastric emptying", "context": "Endogenous hormone widely studied in appetite and energy-balance research", "length_aa": 36, "sequence": "YPIKPEAPGEDASPEELNRYYASLRHYLNLVTRQRY", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C194H294N54O58", "average_mass_da": 4311, "reference_mass_da": 4311, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "56841989", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1515", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "106388-42-5", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Peptide YY (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1515", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56841989", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1515" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56841989" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 41, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-07-22", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/peptide-yy" }, { "slug": "obestatin", "name": "Obestatin", "aliases": [], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Gut hormone", "function": "Proposed counterpart to ghrelin in appetite and gut research", "context": "Endogenous peptide studied in metabolism research; biology remains debated", "length_aa": 23, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "5336", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Obestatin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5336", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5336" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 252, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 25, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/obestatin" }, { "slug": "nesfatin-1", "name": "Nesfatin-1", "aliases": [], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Neuropeptide / metabolic peptide", "function": "Studied in satiety and energy-balance signaling", "context": "Endogenous peptide studied in appetite and metabolism research", "length_aa": 82, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Nesfatin-1 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 6, "highest_phase": "NA", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2024-02-23", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/nesfatin-1" }, { "slug": "cholecystokinin", "name": "Cholecystokinin", "aliases": [ "CCK", "CCK-8", "pancreozymin" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Gut & brain peptide", "function": "Stimulates gallbladder contraction, pancreatic enzyme release, and satiety", "context": "Endogenous peptide; the CCK-8 fragment is used in research and imaging contexts", "length_aa": 8, "sequence": "DYMGWMDF", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "Asp-Tyr(O-sulfate)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2", "formula": "C49H62N10O16S3", "average_mass_da": 1143.3, "reference_mass_da": 1143.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9833444", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8S), C-terminal amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Human sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8S), C-terminal amide", "fr": "Cholécystokinine-8 humaine sulfatée(CCK-8S), amide C-terminal" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free alpha-amino group of L-aspartate", "c": "L-phenylalanine carboxamide (-CONH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Choose the eight-residue sulfated, amidated human CCK reference form. The reviewed precursor explicitly identifies CCK-8, sulfotyrosine97 and phenylalanine amide103; the PubChem molecular graph independently contains Tyr O-sulfate and terminal amide. Other CCK lengths remain distinct forms.", "fr": "La référence est la CCK-8 humaine, avec O-sulfatation de Tyr2 et amidation de Phe8. La CCK-8 désulfatée a le même squelette mais une autre formule et une autre masse. Les autres longueurs de CCK restent des formes distinctes." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9833444", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/44278361,16136567,155817406,9833444/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P06307/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] }, { "label": "Molecular cloning of the human cholecystokinin gene by use of a synthetic probe containing deoxyinosine.", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3856870/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "Original experimental provenance cited by reviewed UniProt; molecular selection is verified from the reviewed entry and PubChem graph" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9833444" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/44278361,16136567,155817406,9833444/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P06307/entry" }, { "source": "Molecular cloning of the human cholecystokinin gene by use of a synthetic probe containing deoxyinosine.", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3856870/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 31, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 4, "latest_update": "2026-08-05", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cholecystokinin" }, { "slug": "gastrin", "name": "Gastrin", "aliases": [ "gastrin-17", "gastrin-34" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Gut hormone", "function": "Stimulates gastric acid secretion and gastric mucosal growth", "context": "Endogenous hormone; central to acid-physiology and Zollinger–Ellison research", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C97H126N20O32S", "average_mass_da": 2116.2, "reference_mass_da": 2116.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "44288444", "iuphar_ligand_id": "3564", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "9002-76-0", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Gastrin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3564", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/44288444", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3564" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/44288444" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 61, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 14, "latest_update": "2026-09-22", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/gastrin" }, { "slug": "lixisenatide", "name": "Lixisenatide", "aliases": [ "Lyxumia", "Adlyxin", "AVE0010" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Incretin mimetic (GLP-1 receptor agonist)", "function": "Exendin-4-based GLP-1 receptor agonist", "context": "Approved prescription medicine (EU and United States); prescription only", "length_aa": 44, "sequence": "HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPSKKKKKK", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "H-His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Ser-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-NH2", "formula": "C215H347N61O65S", "average_mass_da": 4858.5, "reference_mass_da": 4858.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "90472060", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "320367-13-3", "unii": "74O62BB01U" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Lixisenatide44-residue parent amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Lixisenatide44-residue parent amide", "fr": "Lixisénatide, peptide mère amidé de 44 résidus" }, "species": "Synthetic exendin-derived GLP-1 receptor agonist; no natural source species applies to the engineered sequence", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free L-histidyl amino terminus", "c": "L-lysinamide (Lys44-NH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected 44-residue lixisenatide parent has a terminal Lys44 amide. Official label mass is4858.5 Da. The disputed PubChem CIDs return identical full InChIKeys and formulas; formulation components are excluded.", "fr": "Le lixisénatide retenu compte 44 résidus et une Lys44 terminale amidée. La notice indique 4858,5 Da. Les identifiants PubChem contestés renvoient à la même clé InChI complète et à la même formule ; les composants de formulation sont exclus." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/90472060/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expanded sequence", "backbone sequence", "termini and stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/90472060/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS" ] }, { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22LIXISENATIDE%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "protein sequence reference" ] }, { "label": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4bba538b-cf7c-4310-ae8f-cb711ed21bcc", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "parent/form distinction", "sequence/chemical description", "termini", "formula/mass where explicitly stated" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/90472060/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/90472060/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22LIXISENATIDE%22" }, { "source": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4bba538b-cf7c-4310-ae8f-cb711ed21bcc" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 75, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 6, "latest_update": "2026-08-13", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/lixisenatide" }, { "slug": "albiglutide", "name": "Albiglutide", "aliases": [ "Tanzeum", "Eperzan" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Incretin mimetic (GLP-1 receptor agonist)", "function": "Albumin-fused GLP-1 receptor agonist engineered for a long half-life", "context": "Previously approved (EU and United States); withdrawn from the market for commercial reasons", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C148H223N39O46", "average_mass_da": 3284.6, "reference_mass_da": 3284.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "122173812", "iuphar_ligand_id": "7386", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL2107841", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "782500-75-8", "unii": "5E7U48495E" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Albiglutide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7386", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/122173812", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7386" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/122173812" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 39, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-08-13", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/albiglutide" }, { "slug": "efpeglenatide", "name": "Efpeglenatide", "aliases": [ "SAR439977", "LAPS-Exendin" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Incretin mimetic (GLP-1 receptor agonist)", "function": "Exendin-based, Fc-conjugated long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist", "context": "Investigational; not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Efpeglenatide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 5, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2022-01-18", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/efpeglenatide" }, { "slug": "neuropeptide-y", "name": "Neuropeptide Y", "aliases": [ "NPY" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Appetite, stress and energy-balance signaling", "context": "Neuroscience and metabolism research", "length_aa": 36, "sequence": "YPSKPDNPGEDAPAEDMARYYSALRHYINLITRQRY", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "Tyr-Pro-Ser-Lys-Pro-Asp-Asn-Pro-Gly-Glu-Asp-Ala-Pro-Ala-Glu-Asp-Met-Ala-Arg-Tyr-Tyr-Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gln-Arg-Tyr-NH2", "formula": "C189H285N55O57S", "average_mass_da": 4272, "reference_mass_da": 4272, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "44288922", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human neuropeptide Y(1-36), Met17 and C-terminal Tyr amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Human neuropeptide Y(1-36), Met17 and C-terminal Tyr amide", "fr": "Neuropeptide Y humain(1-36), Met17 et Tyr36 amidée" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free alpha-amino group of L-tyrosine", "c": "L-tyrosine carboxamide (-CONH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Select human NPY with Met17 and its native Tyr36 amide. The reviewed human precursor and independently inspected PubChem graph agree. Radioactive/tracer names in pooled synonyms do not apply: the selected graph is the unlabelled parent, with no iodine atom or isotope label.", "fr": "La référence est le NPY humain de 36 résidus avec Met17 et l’amide de Tyr36. Le CID historique de masse 4 254 Da décrit le NPY porcin avec Leu17 et sans soufre; il est exclu. Les noms de traceurs dans les synonymes ne changent pas la structure parentale non marquée vérifiée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/44288922", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/3084441,16132350,44288922,16133823/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01303/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] }, { "label": "Cloning, characterization, and DNA sequence of a human cDNA encoding neuropeptide tyrosine.", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6589611/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "Original experimental provenance cited by reviewed UniProt; molecular selection is verified from the reviewed entry and PubChem graph" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/44288922" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/3084441,16132350,44288922,16133823/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01303/entry" }, { "source": "Cloning, characterization, and DNA sequence of a human cDNA encoding neuropeptide tyrosine.", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6589611/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 17, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 4, "latest_update": "2026-09-03", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/neuropeptide-y" }, { "slug": "galanin", "name": "Galanin", "aliases": [], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Neuromodulation of mood, feeding and nociception", "context": "Neuroscience research", "length_aa": 30, "sequence": "GWTLNSAGYLLGPHAVGNHRSFSDKNGLTS", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C139H210N42O43", "average_mass_da": 3157.4, "reference_mass_da": 3157.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16133823", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human galanin(1-30), nonamidated C-terminal Ser free acid", "formLabels": { "en": "Human galanin(1-30), nonamidated C-terminal Ser free acid", "fr": "Galanine humaine(1-30), sérine C-terminale non amidée" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free alpha-amino group of glycine", "c": "Free L-serine carboxylic acid (-COOH)" }, "modificationState": "unmodified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Select the experimentally isolated human 30-residue nonamidated galanin molecule. The original human pituitary study, reviewed human precursor and PubChem graph agree; this avoids transferring the usual nonhuman 29-residue amide to a human profile.", "fr": "La référence est la galanine humaine de 30 résidus à sérine C-terminale libre, isolée expérimentalement. La forme historique de 29 résidus amidée a une autre formule et des centres stéréogènes non définis. Les synonymes mélangeant espèces et numéros CAS ne sont pas importés." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16133823", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/3084441,16132350,44288922,16133823/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P22466/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] }, { "label": "Isolation and primary structure of pituitary human galanin, a 30-residue nonamidated neuropeptide.", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1722333/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "primary experimental provenance for selected human molecular form" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16133823" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/3084441,16132350,44288922,16133823/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P22466/entry" }, { "source": "Isolation and primary structure of pituitary human galanin, a 30-residue nonamidated neuropeptide.", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1722333/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 3, "highest_phase": "NA", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2026-02-25", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/galanin" }, { "slug": "neurotensin", "name": "Neurotensin", "aliases": [ "NT" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Dopamine modulation and gut–brain signaling", "context": "Neuroscience research", "length_aa": 13, "sequence": "XLYENKPRRPYIL", "sequence_note": "X positions L-pyroglutamate (5-oxoproline), cyclized from N-terminal glutamine", "modified_sequence": "L-pGlu-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Asn-Lys-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu-OH", "formula": "C78H121N21O20", "average_mass_da": 1672.9, "reference_mass_da": 1672.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "25077406", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human neurotensin(1-13), N-terminal L-pyroglutamate, C-terminal free acid", "formLabels": { "en": "Human neurotensin(1-13), N-terminal L-pyroglutamate, C-terminal free acid", "fr": "Neurotensine humaine(1-13), L-pyroglutamate N-terminal et acide C-terminal libre" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Blocked L-pyroglutamate lactam nitrogen", "c": "Free L-leucine carboxylic acid (-COOH)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The reviewed human precursor chain starts with Gln, with a documented pyrrolidone-carboxylic-acid modification. The PubChem graph directly confirms the pGlu lactam and remaining 12 residues. X plus its legend represents the selected mature structure accurately.", "fr": "La référence est la neurotensine humaine mature de 13 résidus, avec cyclisation de la glutamine N-terminale en L-pyroglutamate. X représente ce pGlu dans XLYENKPRRPYIL. Une glutamine ou un glutamate ordinaire à cette position décrit une autre forme; la leucine C-terminale reste un acide libre." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25077406", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16133243,25077406,16201612,16133800/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P30990/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25077406" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16133243,25077406,16201612,16133800/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P30990/entry" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 17, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-01-13", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/neurotensin" }, { "slug": "bombesin", "name": "Bombesin", "aliases": [], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Appetite and gastrin-release signaling (research)", "context": "Neuroscience and receptor-imaging research", "length_aa": 14, "sequence": "XQRLGNQWAVGHLM", "sequence_note": "X positions L-pyroglutamate (5-oxoproline), cyclized from N-terminal glutamine", "modified_sequence": "L-pGlu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2", "formula": "C71H110N24O18S", "average_mass_da": 1619.9, "reference_mass_da": 1619.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16201612", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Bombina bombina bombesin(1-14), N-terminal L-pyroglutamate and C-terminal Met amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Bombina bombina bombesin(1-14), N-terminal L-pyroglutamate and C-terminal Met amide", "fr": "Bombésine de Bombina bombina(1-14), L-pyroglutamate N-terminal et Met14 amidée" }, "species": "Bombina bombina", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Blocked L-pyroglutamate lactam nitrogen", "c": "L-methionine carboxamide (-CONH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Bombesin is the frog peptide; select the explicitly reviewed Bombina bombina 14-residue structure rather than a human gastrin-releasing peptide homolog. Both legacy CIDs independently have the same InChIKey and defined stereochemistry. The PubChem graph confirms both blocked termini.", "fr": "La référence est le peptide de grenouille Bombina bombina de 14 résidus avec pGlu N-terminal et Met14 amidée. X représente le pGlu. Le GRP humain est un homologue distinct. Les deux CID historiques ont le même InChIKey; les synonymes de sels ne sont pas incorporés à cette structure sans contre-ion." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16201612", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16133243,25077406,16201612,16133800/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P84214/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16201612" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16133243,25077406,16201612,16133800/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P84214/entry" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 31, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 7, "latest_update": "2026-09-22", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/bombesin" }, { "slug": "orexin-a", "name": "Orexin-A", "aliases": [ "Hypocretin-1" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Wakefulness and arousal signaling", "context": "Sleep and neuroscience research", "length_aa": 33, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C152H243N47O44S4", "average_mass_da": 3561.1, "reference_mass_da": 3561.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "56842143", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1697", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "205640-90-0", "unii": "8RDY08V4VC" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Orexin-A (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1697", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56842143", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1697" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56842143" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 77, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 33, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/orexin-a" }, { "slug": "calcitonin", "name": "Calcitonin", "aliases": [], "category": "foundational", "type": "Hormone", "function": "Calcium homeostasis regulation", "context": "Approved therapeutic (osteoporosis, hypercalcemia in some markets)", "length_aa": 32, "sequence": "CGNLSTCMLGTYTQDFNKFHTFPQTAIGVGAP", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C151H226N40O45S3", "average_mass_da": 3417.9, "reference_mass_da": 3417.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "118984394", "iuphar_ligand_id": "685", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201614", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "21215-62-3", "unii": "DF35I47HCM" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Calcitonin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=685", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/118984394", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=685" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/118984394" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 153, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 25, "latest_update": "2026-09-30", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/calcitonin" }, { "slug": "cgrp", "name": "CGRP", "aliases": [ "Calcitonin gene-related peptide" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Potent vasodilation and nociceptive signaling", "context": "Migraine and pain neuroscience research", "length_aa": 37, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C163H273N51O49S2", "average_mass_da": 3795.4, "reference_mass_da": 3795.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "168324612", "iuphar_ligand_id": "695", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "96827-03-1", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "CGRP (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=695", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/168324612", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=695" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/168324612" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 232, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 48, "latest_update": "2026-09-30", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cgrp" }, { "slug": "beta-endorphin", "name": "Beta-endorphin", "aliases": [ "β-endorphin" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Endogenous opioid signaling", "context": "Pain, reward and stress neuroscience research", "length_aa": 31, "sequence": "YGGFMTSEKSQTPLVTLFKNAIIKNAYKKGE", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C158H251N39O46S", "average_mass_da": 3465, "reference_mass_da": 3465, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16132316", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human beta-endorphin(1-31), unacetylated free-acid mature peptide", "formLabels": { "en": "Human beta-endorphin(1-31), unacetylated free-acid mature peptide", "fr": "Bêta-endorphine humaine(1-31), non acétylée à acide libre" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free alpha-amino group of L-tyrosine", "c": "Free L-glutamate carboxylic acid (-COOH)" }, "modificationState": "unmodified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Select the 31-residue unacetylated human beta-endorphin chain from reviewed human POMC. Its sequence and free-acid termini exactly match the independently inspected PubChem graph.", "fr": "La référence est la bêta-endorphine humaine de 31 résidus, non acétylée et à acide C-terminal libre. La séquence historique se terminant par VHKKGQ est une variante d’espèce avec une autre formule. Les formes acétylées, tronquées et le précurseur bêta-lipotropine sont exclus." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132316", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16132316,71308750,16129685,16133805/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01189/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132316" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16132316,71308750,16129685,16133805/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01189/entry" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 180, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 20, "latest_update": "2026-09-22", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/beta-endorphin" }, { "slug": "dynorphin", "name": "Dynorphin", "aliases": [ "Dynorphin A" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Kappa-opioid signaling and mood/stress modulation", "context": "Neuroscience research", "length_aa": 17, "sequence": "YGGFLRRIRPKLKWDNQ", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C99H155N31O23", "average_mass_da": 2147.5, "reference_mass_da": 2147.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16133805", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human dynorphin A(1-17), defined L stereochemistry and C-terminal free acid", "formLabels": { "en": "Human dynorphin A(1-17), defined L stereochemistry and C-terminal free acid", "fr": "Dynorphine A humaine(1-17), stéréochimie L définie et acide C-terminal libre" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free alpha-amino group of L-tyrosine", "c": "Free L-glutamine carboxylic acid (-COOH)" }, "modificationState": "unmodified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Select human dynorphin A(1-17), not the broader dynorphin family. The reviewed human processed chain and molecular graph agree. Choose the CID with all 16 stereocentres defined rather than the chemically underspecified legacy record.", "fr": "La référence est la dynorphine A humaine(1-17) avec ses 16 centres stéréogènes définis. Le CID historique 16129685 laisse ces centres non définis. La structure sélectionnée finit par un acide libre; une amide, les fragments et les autres dynorphines sont des formes distinctes." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16133805", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16132316,71308750,16129685,16133805/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01213/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] }, { "label": "Isolation and structural organization of the human preproenkephalin B gene.", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6316163/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "Original experimental provenance cited by reviewed UniProt; molecular selection is verified from the reviewed entry and PubChem graph" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16133805" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16132316,71308750,16129685,16133805/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01213/entry" }, { "source": "Isolation and structural organization of the human preproenkephalin B gene.", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6316163/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 6, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-09-23", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/dynorphin" }, { "slug": "nociceptin", "name": "Nociceptin", "aliases": [ "Orphanin FQ", "N/OFQ" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Signaling at the NOP (opioid-related) receptor", "context": "Pain and mood neuroscience research", "length_aa": 17, "sequence": "FGGFTGARKSARKLANQ", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C79H129N27O22", "average_mass_da": 1809, "reference_mass_da": 1809, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16131448", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1681", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL396460", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "170713-75-4", "unii": "7AYI9N34FF" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Nociceptin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1681", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16131448", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1681" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16131448" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 19, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 5, "latest_update": "2026-06-23", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/nociceptin" }, { "slug": "acth", "name": "ACTH", "aliases": [ "Adrenocorticotropic hormone", "Corticotropin" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Hormone", "function": "Stimulates adrenal cortisol production", "context": "Endocrine diagnostics and research (approved forms exist)", "length_aa": 39, "sequence": "SYSMEHFRWGKPVGKKRRPVKVYPNGAEDESAEAFPLEF", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C207H308N56O58S", "average_mass_da": 4541, "reference_mass_da": 4541, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16132265", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1331", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "77465-10-2", "unii": "K0U68Q2TXA" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "ACTH (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1331", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132265", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1331" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132265" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 346, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 49, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/acth" }, { "slug": "alpha-msh", "name": "Alpha-MSH", "aliases": [ "α-MSH", "Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Melanocortin signaling: pigmentation and appetite", "context": "Pigmentation and energy-balance research", "length_aa": 13, "sequence": "SYSMEHFRWGKPV", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2", "formula": "C77H109N21O19S", "average_mass_da": 1664.9, "reference_mass_da": 1664.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16133793", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human alpha-MSH, N-acetyl-Ser1 and C-terminal Val13 amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Human alpha-MSH, N-acetyl-Ser1 and C-terminal Val13 amide", "fr": "Alpha-MSH humaine, N-acétyl-Ser1 et Val13 amidée" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "N-acetylated L-serine alpha-amino group", "c": "L-valine carboxamide (-CONH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Select the mono-N-acetylated, C-terminally amidated 13-residue alpha-MSH form. Original normal-human-pituitary work documents non- and mono-acetylated alpha-MSH; this decision explicitly chooses the acetylated parent rather than treating all forms as one. Reviewed POMC provides the human backbone; its N-acetyl/amide annotations include by-similarity evidence, independently corroborated here by original human chemistry and the PubChem graph.", "fr": "La référence est l’alpha-MSH humaine de 13 résidus, mono-N-acétylée et amidée en C-terminal. Les formes non acétylées existent aussi et restent distinctes. Le CID 16162729 laisse 12 centres stéréogènes non définis; le CID sélectionné précise la stéréochimie et le groupe acétyle malgré un synonyme contradictoire." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16133793", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "pubchemCid", "formula", "averageMassDa", "sequence via independently inspected molecular graph", "nTerminus", "cTerminus", "modifications", "IUPACName", "SMILES" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16133793,16162729/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "inchiKey", "definedAtomStereoCount", "undefinedAtomStereoCount", "defined molecular stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01189/entry", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "canonical encoded backbone", "length", "processed-chain boundaries", "annotated modifications (with original evidence codes preserved)" ] }, { "label": "Alpha-amidated peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin in normal human pituitary.", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2839146/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "human alpha-MSH amidation", "presence of mono-acetylated and non-acetylated human alpha-MSH forms" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties and explicit molecular graph", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16133793" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG stereochemistry and normalized structure identity", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16133793,16162729/property/DefinedAtomStereoCount,UndefinedAtomStereoCount,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProt molecular sequence and processed-chain annotations", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01189/entry" }, { "source": "Alpha-amidated peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin in normal human pituitary.", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2839146/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 10, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-02-06", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/alpha-msh" }, { "slug": "p21", "name": "P21", "aliases": [ "P021", "CNTF-derived peptide" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "CNTF-mimetic studied for neurogenesis in animal models", "context": "Preclinical research compound (not authorized by Health Canada)", "length_aa": 4, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C27H42N6O8", "average_mass_da": 578.7, "reference_mass_da": 578.7, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "56599151", "iuphar_ligand_id": "5250", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1246751-68-7", "unii": "VV8CZC8PAS" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "P21 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5250", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56599151", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5250" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56599151" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 9, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 3, "latest_update": "2026-07-24", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/p21" }, { "slug": "pe-22-28", "name": "PE-22-28", "aliases": [ "Spadin analog" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "TREK-1 potassium-channel inhibitor studied in animal models", "context": "Preclinical research compound (not authorized by Health Canada)", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "PE-22-28 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/pe-22-28" }, { "slug": "cortexin", "name": "Cortexin", "aliases": [], "category": "neuro", "type": "Polypeptide complex", "function": "Brain-derived peptide mixture studied for neuroprotective signaling", "context": "Marketed as a drug in some countries; not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Cortexin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cortexin" }, { "slug": "pinealon", "name": "Pinealon", "aliases": [ "EDR", "Glu-Asp-Arg" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "Short-peptide bioregulator studied for neuroprotective signaling", "context": "Research compound from the Russian short-peptide bioregulator programme; not approved as a medicine by the FDA, Health Canada or the EMA", "length_aa": 3, "sequence": "EDR", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C15H26N6O8", "average_mass_da": 418.4, "reference_mass_da": 418.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "10273502", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "175175-23-2", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Linear tripeptide Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR); free N- and C-termini", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10273502", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10273502" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Not approved anywhere; no trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (snapshot September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/pinealon" }, { "slug": "ghrp-1", "name": "GHRP-1", "aliases": [ "GHRP1", "growth hormone-releasing peptide 1" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "Ghrelin receptor (GHS-R) agonist / GH secretagogue", "context": "Research compound (not authorized by Health Canada)", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C51H62N12O7", "average_mass_da": 955.1, "reference_mass_da": 955.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "10350910", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "141925-59-9", "unii": "39EVI31P0W" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "GHRP-1 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10350910", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10350910" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2011-04-04", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ghrp-1" }, { "slug": "alexamorelin", "name": "Alexamorelin", "aliases": [], "category": "growth", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "Ghrelin receptor agonist / GH secretagogue", "context": "Research compound (not authorized by Health Canada)", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C50H63N13O7", "average_mass_da": 958.1, "reference_mass_da": 958.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "10011122", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "196808-85-2", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Alexamorelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10011122", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10011122" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/alexamorelin" }, { "slug": "ara-290", "name": "ARA-290", "aliases": [ "cibinetide", "cibinetide (INN)" ], "category": "recovery", "type": "Research peptide", "function": "Innate repair receptor agonist studied in tissue-protection models", "context": "Investigational / clinical-stage research compound (not authorized by Health Canada)", "length_aa": 11, "sequence": "XEQLERALNSS", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical residue (X in the one letter sequence is pyroglutamate (pGlu).)", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C51H84N16O21", "average_mass_da": 1257.3, "reference_mass_da": 1257.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "91810664", "iuphar_ligand_id": "9677", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL3545305", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1208243-50-8", "unii": "9W5677JKDA" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "ARA-290 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9677", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/91810664", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9677" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/91810664" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 4, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2024-10-04", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ara-290" }, { "slug": "argireline", "name": "Argireline", "aliases": [ "acetyl hexapeptide-8", "acetyl hexapeptide-3", "Ac-EEMQRR-NH2", "Argireline NP" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Cosmetic ingredient peptide", "function": "SNARE-mimetic peptide studied in cosmetic wrinkle-appearance research", "context": "Cosmetic ingredient in topical formulations (permitted as a cosmetic in major markets); not an approved drug — two blepharospasm trials did not lead to approval", "length_aa": 6, "sequence": "EEMQRR", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C35H62N14O11S", "average_mass_da": 887, "reference_mass_da": 887, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "71587772", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "616204-22-9", "unii": "L4EL31FWIL" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Ac-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-NH2 — the N-terminal hexapeptide of SNAP-25, N-acetylated and C-amidated", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71587772", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71587772" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "No receptor. Proposed to interfere with assembly or stability of the SNARE complex (SNAP-25 / syntaxin / synaptobrevin) that drives Ca2+-dependent vesicle fusion, thereby reducing neurotransmitter release", "status": "Cosmetic ingredient; not an approved drug in any jurisdiction as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 6, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2024-02-22", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/argireline" }, { "slug": "palmitoyl-tripeptide-1", "name": "Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1", "aliases": [ "Pal-GHK", "palmitoyl oligopeptide" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Cosmetic ingredient peptide", "function": "Lipidated matrikine peptide studied in cosmetic skin research", "context": "Cosmetic ingredient in topical formulations", "length_aa": 3, "sequence": "GHK", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C30H54N6O5", "average_mass_da": 578.8, "reference_mass_da": 578.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "10231864", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "147732-56-7", "unii": "RV743D216M" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10231864", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10231864" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/palmitoyl-tripeptide-1" }, { "slug": "decapeptide-12", "name": "Decapeptide-12", "aliases": [ "Lumixyl" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Cosmetic ingredient peptide", "function": "Tyrosinase-inhibiting peptide studied in skin-brightening research", "context": "Cosmetic ingredient in topical brightening formulations", "length_aa": 10, "sequence": "YRSRKYSSWY", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C65H90N18O17", "average_mass_da": 1395.5, "reference_mass_da": 1395.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "25087629", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "137665-91-9", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Decapeptide-12 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25087629", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25087629" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/decapeptide-12" }, { "slug": "syn-ake", "name": "SYN-AKE", "aliases": [ "dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Cosmetic ingredient peptide", "function": "Waglerin-1-mimetic dipeptide studied in cosmetic expression-line research", "context": "Cosmetic ingredient in topical formulations", "length_aa": 2, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C23H37N5O7", "average_mass_da": 495.6, "reference_mass_da": 495.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "71465152", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "823202-99-9", "unii": "38H206R00R" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "SYN-AKE (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71465152", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71465152" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/syn-ake" }, { "slug": "magainin", "name": "Magainin", "aliases": [ "magainin 2", "magainin II" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Antimicrobial peptide", "function": "Membrane-active host-defense peptide (research)", "context": "Antimicrobial-peptide research (not an approved drug)", "length_aa": 23, "sequence": "GIGKFLHSAKKFGKAFVGEIMNS", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C114H180N30O29S", "average_mass_da": 2466.9, "reference_mass_da": 2466.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16130189", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "108433-95-0", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Magainin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16130189", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16130189" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/magainin" }, { "slug": "temporin", "name": "Temporin", "aliases": [ "temporin A", "temporin B" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Antimicrobial peptide", "function": "Short membrane-active host-defense peptides (research)", "context": "Antimicrobial-peptide research (not an approved drug)", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C68H117N17O14", "average_mass_da": 1396.8, "reference_mass_da": 1396.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9920205", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "188713-69-1", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Temporin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9920205", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9920205" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/temporin" }, { "slug": "protegrin-1", "name": "Protegrin-1", "aliases": [ "PG-1", "protegrin" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Antimicrobial peptide", "function": "Beta-hairpin pore-forming host-defense peptide (research)", "context": "Antimicrobial-peptide research (not an approved drug)", "length_aa": 18, "sequence": "RGGRLCYCRRRFCVCVGR", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C88H147N37O19S4", "average_mass_da": 2155.6, "reference_mass_da": 2155.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16130513", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "168831-77-4", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Protegrin-1 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16130513", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16130513" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/protegrin-1" }, { "slug": "indolicidin", "name": "Indolicidin", "aliases": [], "category": "foundational", "type": "Antimicrobial peptide", "function": "Tryptophan-rich host-defense peptide (research)", "context": "Antimicrobial-peptide research (not an approved drug)", "length_aa": 13, "sequence": "ILPWKWPWWPWRR", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C100H132N26O13", "average_mass_da": 1906.3, "reference_mass_da": 1906.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "90478486", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "140896-21-5", "unii": "073SBV429N" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Indolicidin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/90478486", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/90478486" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/indolicidin" }, { "slug": "cecropin", "name": "Cecropin", "aliases": [ "cecropin A", "cecropin B" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Antimicrobial peptide", "function": "Insect host-defense peptides (research)", "context": "Antimicrobial-peptide research (not an approved drug)", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C184H313N53O46", "average_mass_da": 4004, "reference_mass_da": 4004, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16132345", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "80451-04-3", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Cecropin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132345", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132345" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cecropin" }, { "slug": "melittin", "name": "Melittin", "aliases": [], "category": "foundational", "type": "Membrane-active peptide", "function": "Amphipathic pore-forming / lytic peptide (research)", "context": "Membrane and antimicrobial research (not an approved drug)", "length_aa": 26, "sequence": "GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C131H229N39O31", "average_mass_da": 2846.5, "reference_mass_da": 2846.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16133648", "iuphar_ligand_id": "14002", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL412927", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "20449-79-0", "unii": "24VT8NVE75" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Melittin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14002", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16133648", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14002" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16133648" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/melittin" }, { "slug": "thymopentin", "name": "Thymopentin", "aliases": [ "TP-5", "TP5" ], "category": "recovery", "type": "Immunomodulatory peptide", "function": "Thymopoietin-derived immunostimulant studied in T-cell research", "context": "Immunology research; approved as a medicine in some countries (not by Health Canada)", "length_aa": 5, "sequence": "RKDVY", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C30H49N9O9", "average_mass_da": 679.8, "reference_mass_da": 679.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "451417", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "69558-55-0", "unii": "O3Y80ZF13F" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Thymopentin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/451417", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/451417" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 10, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2025-05-25", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/thymopentin" }, { "slug": "thymulin", "name": "Thymulin", "aliases": [ "zinc thymic factor", "facteur thymique serique" ], "category": "recovery", "type": "Immunomodulatory peptide", "function": "Zinc-dependent thymic hormone studied in T-cell research", "context": "Immunology research (not authorized by Health Canada)", "length_aa": 9, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C33H54N12O15", "average_mass_da": 858.9, "reference_mass_da": 858.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "71300623", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "78922-62-0", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Thymulin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71300623", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71300623" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/thymulin" }, { "slug": "leuprolide", "name": "Leuprolide", "aliases": [ "Leuprorelin", "Lupron", "Eligard", "Fensolvi", "Camcevi", "leuprolide acetate" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GnRH agonist (approved medicine)", "function": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist; sustained stimulation down-regulates the receptor and suppresses testosterone and oestrogen", "context": "Approved for advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids and central precocious puberty (Fensolvi, FDA 2019); EMA-approved six-monthly form for prostate cancer (Camcevi, 2022)", "length_aa": 9, "sequence": "XHWSYLLRP", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C59H84N16O12", "average_mass_da": 1209.4, "reference_mass_da": 1209.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "657181", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1175", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201199", "drugbank_id": "DB00007", "cas_rn": "53714-56-0", "unii": "EFY6W0M8TG" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Leuprolide parent peptide (not acetate salt)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Pyroglutamate", "c": "Prolyl ethylamide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The retained flag predates the current matching nine-position sequence. X is pyroglutamate, position 6 is D-Leu, and the C-terminus is Pro-NHEt. The reference mass is for leuprolide, not the acetate salt.", "fr": "Le signalement conservé précède la séquence actuelle commune de neuf positions. X est le pyroglutamate, la position 6 est D-Leu et l'extrémité C-terminale est Pro-NHEt. La masse de référence concerne le leuprolide, pas son sel acétate." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1175", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/657181", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1175" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/657181" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) on pituitary gonadotrophs", "status": "Approved: prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, central precocious puberty (Fensolvi, FDA May 2019); Camcevi (EMA 2022) for prostatic neoplasms", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 520, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 82, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/leuprolide" }, { "slug": "goserelin", "name": "Goserelin", "aliases": [ "Zoladex" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GnRH agonist", "function": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist", "context": "Approved for breast and prostate cancer, endometriosis and assisted reproduction", "length_aa": 10, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C59H84N18O14", "average_mass_da": 1269.4, "reference_mass_da": 1269.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "5311128", "iuphar_ligand_id": "3879", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201247", "drugbank_id": "DB00014", "cas_rn": "65807-02-5", "unii": "0F65R8P09N" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Goserelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3879", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311128", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3879" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311128" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 416, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 81, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/goserelin" }, { "slug": "nafarelin", "name": "Nafarelin", "aliases": [ "Synarel" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GnRH agonist", "function": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist", "context": "Approved for endometriosis and central precocious puberty (intranasal)", "length_aa": 10, "sequence": "XHWSYXLRPG", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical residue (C terminal amidation; N-terminal pyroglutamate; 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine (D-3-naphthylalanine; D-Nal) substitution at residue 6)", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C66H83N17O13", "average_mass_da": 1322.5, "reference_mass_da": 1322.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "25077405", "iuphar_ligand_id": "3902", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201309", "drugbank_id": "DB00666", "cas_rn": "76932-56-4", "unii": "1X0094V6JV" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Nafarelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3902", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25077405", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3902" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25077405" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 12, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 4, "latest_update": "2026-09-03", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/nafarelin" }, { "slug": "degarelix", "name": "Degarelix", "aliases": [ "Firmagon", "FE-200486" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GnRH antagonist", "function": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist", "context": "Approved (FDA, 2008) for advanced hormone-dependent prostate cancer; a GnRH receptor antagonist given as a subcutaneous depot", "length_aa": 10, "sequence": "AFASXXLKPA", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical or modified residue in the IUPHAR record", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C82H103ClN18O16", "average_mass_da": 1632.3, "reference_mass_da": 1632.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16136245", "iuphar_ligand_id": "5585", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL415606", "drugbank_id": "DB06699", "cas_rn": "214766-78-6", "unii": "SX0XJI3A11" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Decapeptide analogue of GnRH; IUPHAR one-letter backbone AFASXXLKPA, where X marks non-canonical residues and several positions carry D-amino acids and modified side chains that resist enzymatic breakdown and form a subcutaneous depot", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5585", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16136245", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5585" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16136245" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor — competitive antagonist; reduces LH and FSH release and therefore testosterone (IUPHAR record)", "status": "Approved (FDA 2008; also EU) for advanced hormone-dependent prostate cancer (IUPHAR record; Secin, 2016)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 170, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 52, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/degarelix" }, { "slug": "lanreotide", "name": "Lanreotide", "aliases": [ "Somatuline", "Somatuline Autogel", "Somatuline Depot", "angiopeptin", "BIM-23014" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Somatostatin analog", "function": "Somatostatin receptor agonist", "context": "Approved (FDA and EMA) for acromegaly and for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours; prescription depot injection", "length_aa": 8, "sequence": "XCYWKVCT", "sequence_note": "X1 is D-2-naphthylalanine; W4 is D-Trp; Cys2-Cys7 disulfide; Thr8 amidation.", "modified_sequence": "H-D-2Nal-Cys(1)-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys(1)-Thr-NH2", "formula": "C54H69N11O10S2", "average_mass_da": 1096.34, "reference_mass_da": 1096.34, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "6918011", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "108736-35-2", "unii": "0G3DE8943Y" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Lanreotide cyclic parent peptide amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Lanreotide cyclic parent peptide amide", "fr": "Lanréotide, peptide mère cyclique amidé" }, "species": "Synthetic somatostatin analogue; no natural source species applies", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free D-2-naphthylalanyl amino terminus", "c": "L-threoninamide (Thr8-NH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected parent has D-2Nal1, D-Trp4, a Cys2-Cys7 disulfide and Thr8 amidation. Official label mass1096.34 Da is for the base, excluding acetate. The old CID has no stereochemical layer.", "fr": "La molécule mère retenue porte D-2Nal1, D-Trp4, un pont disulfure Cys2-Cys7 et une Thr8 amidée. La masse de 1096,34 Da indiquée dans la notice correspond à la base, sans acétate. L’ancien identifiant ne comporte pas de couche stéréochimique." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918011/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expanded sequence", "backbone sequence", "termini and stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918011/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS" ] }, { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22LANREOTIDE%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "protein sequence reference" ] }, { "label": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=2892b4c3-0329-4d29-97ff-3b45283bbab1", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "parent/form distinction", "sequence/chemical description", "termini", "formula/mass where explicitly stated" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918011/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918011/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22LANREOTIDE%22" }, { "source": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=2892b4c3-0329-4d29-97ff-3b45283bbab1" } ], "half_life": "Long enough for four-weekly dosing as the Autogel/Depot formulation (slow-release intramuscular form every 7–14 days); native somatostatin lasts minutes", "receptors": "Somatostatin receptors, with highest affinity for sst2 and sst5; suppresses growth hormone, TSH, insulin, glucagon and other gut peptides", "status": "Approved (FDA, EMA): acromegaly; gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours; carcinoid-syndrome symptom control in some markets", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 118, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 11, "latest_update": "2026-09-25", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/lanreotide" }, { "slug": "pasireotide", "name": "Pasireotide", "aliases": [ "Signifor" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Somatostatin analog", "function": "Multi-receptor somatostatin agonist", "context": "Approved for Cushing's disease and acromegaly", "length_aa": 6, "sequence": "XXWKYF", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical residue (Residue 1 is hydroxyproline; residue 2 is 2-phenylglycine; tyrosine residue at position 5 is phenylmethylated)", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C58H66N10O9", "average_mass_da": 1047.2, "reference_mass_da": 1047.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9941444", "iuphar_ligand_id": "2018", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB06663", "cas_rn": "396091-73-9", "unii": "98H1T17066" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Pasireotide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2018", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9941444", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2018" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9941444" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 86, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 7, "latest_update": "2026-09-17", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/pasireotide" }, { "slug": "teduglutide", "name": "Teduglutide", "aliases": [ "Gattex", "Revestive" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "GLP-2 analog", "function": "Glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor agonist", "context": "Approved for short bowel syndrome", "length_aa": 33, "sequence": "HGDGSFSDEMNTILDNLAARDFINWLIQTKITD", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C164H252N44O55S", "average_mass_da": 3752.1, "reference_mass_da": 3752.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16139605", "iuphar_ligand_id": "7049", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL2104987", "drugbank_id": "DB08900", "cas_rn": "197922-42-2", "unii": "7M19191IKG" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Teduglutide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7049", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16139605", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7049" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16139605" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 50, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 6, "latest_update": "2026-09-23", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/teduglutide" }, { "slug": "linaclotide", "name": "Linaclotide", "aliases": [ "Linzess", "Constella" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Guanylate cyclase-C agonist", "function": "Intestinal guanylate cyclase-C receptor agonist", "context": "Approved for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic constipation", "length_aa": 14, "sequence": "CCEYCCNPACTGCY", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C59H79N15O21S6", "average_mass_da": 1526.8, "reference_mass_da": 1526.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16158208", "iuphar_ligand_id": "5017", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB08890", "cas_rn": "851199-59-2", "unii": "N0TXR0XR5X" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Linaclotide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5017", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16158208", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5017" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16158208" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 60, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 7, "latest_update": "2026-08-21", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/linaclotide" }, { "slug": "plecanatide", "name": "Plecanatide", "aliases": [ "Trulance", "Guanilib", "SP-304" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Guanylate cyclase-C agonist", "function": "Intestinal guanylate cyclase-C receptor agonist", "context": "Approved (FDA, January 2017) for chronic idiopathic constipation in adults and (January 2018) for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation", "length_aa": 16, "sequence": "NDECELCVNVACTGCL", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C65H104N18O26S4", "average_mass_da": 1681.9, "reference_mass_da": 1681.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "70693500", "iuphar_ligand_id": "9069", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL2103867", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "467426-54-6", "unii": "7IK8Z952OK" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "16 residues NDECELCVNVACTGCL; analogue of human uroguanylin", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9069", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/70693500", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9069" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/70693500" } ], "half_life": "Not meaningful systemically: minimally absorbed; drug and active metabolite are not measurable in breast milk (LactMed)", "receptors": "Guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) on the luminal surface of intestinal epithelium → intracellular cGMP → CFTR activation → chloride and water efflux into the lumen", "status": "Approved (FDA): chronic idiopathic constipation, January 2017; IBS-C, January 2018 (IUPHAR record; Al-Salama & Syed, 2017)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 15, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-07-23", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/plecanatide" }, { "slug": "icatibant", "name": "Icatibant", "aliases": [ "Firazyr" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Bradykinin B2 antagonist", "function": "Selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist", "context": "Approved for acute attacks of hereditary angioedema", "length_aa": 10, "sequence": "RRPXGXSXXR", "sequence_note": "R1 is D-Arg; X4 is L-(2S,4R)-Hyp; X6 is L-3-(2-thienyl)alanine; X8 is D-Tic; X9 is L-Oic with(2S,3aS,7aS) stereochemistry.", "modified_sequence": "H-D-Arg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-2Thi-Ser-D-Tic-Oic-Arg-OH", "formula": "C59H89N19O13S", "average_mass_da": 1304.5, "reference_mass_da": 1304.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "6918173", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "130308-48-4", "unii": "7PG89G35Q7" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Icatibant parent free peptide", "formLabels": { "en": "Icatibant parent free peptide", "fr": "Icatibant, peptide mère libre" }, "species": "Synthetic bradykinin analogue; no natural source species applies", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free D-arginyl amino terminus", "c": "Free L-arginine carboxylic acid" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected full stereochemical parent agrees between the official label, PubChem and NIH GSRS. The old CID leaves five stereocentres undefined. The label also corrects the imported thienyl description to the 2-thienyl side chain.", "fr": "La stéréochimie complète de la molécule mère retenue concorde entre la notice, PubChem et le registre NIH GSRS. L’ancien identifiant laisse cinq centres stéréogènes indéfinis. La notice corrige aussi la description importée du groupe thiényle : la chaîne latérale est un 2-thiényle." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918173/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expanded sequence", "backbone sequence", "termini and stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918173/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS", "UNII" ] }, { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22ICATIBANT%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "formula", "average mass", "full stereochemical InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ccbb5e50-ce56-4898-aa1a-f1c1f3d312f6", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "parent/form distinction", "sequence/chemical description", "termini", "formula/mass where explicitly stated" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918173/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918173/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22ICATIBANT%22" }, { "source": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ccbb5e50-ce56-4898-aa1a-f1c1f3d312f6" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 33, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-08-11", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/icatibant" }, { "slug": "abaloparatide", "name": "Abaloparatide", "aliases": [ "BA058", "BIM-44058", "Tymlos (brand)", "PTHrP(1-34) analogue" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Parathyroid hormone-related protein analogue", "function": "Parathyroid hormone receptor agonist that stimulates osteoblast-dependent bone formation", "context": "Approved (FDA, April 2017) for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk of fracture", "length_aa": 34, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C174H300N56O49", "average_mass_da": 3961, "reference_mass_da": 3961, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "76943386", "iuphar_ligand_id": "8299", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "247062-33-5", "unii": "AVK0I6HY2U" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Synthetic analogue of the 34 amino-terminal residues of human parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=8299", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/76943386", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=8299" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/76943386" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Parathyroid hormone receptors (PTH1R), driving osteoblast-dependent bone formation", "status": "Approved: FDA (2017) for postmenopausal osteoporosis at high fracture risk", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 25, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 7, "latest_update": "2026-09-28", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/abaloparatide" }, { "slug": "ziconotide", "name": "Ziconotide", "aliases": [ "Prialt" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Conotoxin analgesic", "function": "N-type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker", "context": "Approved for severe chronic pain via intrathecal infusion", "length_aa": 25, "sequence": "CKGKGAKCSRLMYDCCTGSCRSGKC", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C102H172N36O32S7", "average_mass_da": 2639.2, "reference_mass_da": 2639.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16135415", "iuphar_ligand_id": "2536", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL4594214", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1283221-32-8", "unii": "7I64C51O16" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Ziconotide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2536", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16135415", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2536" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16135415" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 14, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 4, "latest_update": "2026-09-10", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ziconotide" }, { "slug": "desmopressin", "name": "Desmopressin", "aliases": [ "DDAVP" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Vasopressin analog", "function": "Selective V2 vasopressin receptor agonist", "context": "Approved for diabetes insipidus, bedwetting and certain bleeding disorders", "length_aa": 9, "sequence": "XYFQNCPRG", "sequence_note": "X1 is3-mercaptopropionyl (Mpa/deamino-Cys), not cysteine; R8 is D-Arg; disulfide Mpa1-Cys6; Gly9 amidation.", "modified_sequence": "deamino-Cys(1)-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys(1)-Pro-D-Arg-Gly-NH2", "formula": "C46H64N14O12S2", "average_mass_da": 1069.2, "reference_mass_da": 1069.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "5311065", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "16679-58-6", "unii": "ENR1LLB0FP" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Desmopressin parent, without acetate/water", "formLabels": { "en": "Desmopressin parent, without acetate/water", "fr": "Desmopressine, molécule mère sans acétate ni eau" }, "species": "Synthetic8-arginine vasopressin analogue; no natural source species applies", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "3-Mercaptopropionyl (deamino-cysteine); no free alpha-amino terminus", "c": "Glycinamide (Gly9-NH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected cyclic parent has an N-terminal3-mercaptopropionyl unit, D-Arg8 and Gly9 amidation. The old CID omits stereochemistry. The parent 1069.2 Da reference is distinct from the label’s1183.34 Da monoacetate trihydrate.", "fr": "La molécule mère cyclique retenue porte une unité 3-mercaptopropionyle N-terminale, D-Arg8 et une Gly9 amidée. L’ancien identifiant omet la stéréochimie. La référence de 1069,2 Da est distincte du monoacétate trihydraté de 1183,34 Da décrit dans la notice." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/5311065/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expanded sequence", "backbone sequence", "termini and stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/5311065/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS", "UNII" ] }, { "label": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=8034989a-45f5-436b-8b1f-42108ee2a21a", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "parent/form distinction", "sequence/chemical description", "termini", "formula/mass where explicitly stated" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/5311065/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/5311065/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=8034989a-45f5-436b-8b1f-42108ee2a21a" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 126, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 15, "latest_update": "2026-09-25", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/desmopressin" }, { "slug": "terlipressin", "name": "Terlipressin", "aliases": [ "Terlivaz", "Glypressin" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Vasopressin analog", "function": "Vasopressin V1 receptor agonist (prodrug)", "context": "Approved for hepatorenal syndrome; used for variceal bleeding", "length_aa": 12, "sequence": "GGGCYFQNCPKG", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C52H74N16O15S2", "average_mass_da": 1227.4, "reference_mass_da": 1227.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "72081", "iuphar_ligand_id": "11241", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL2135460", "drugbank_id": "DB02638", "cas_rn": "14636-12-5", "unii": "7Z5X49W53P" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Terlipressin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=11241", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/72081", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=11241" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/72081" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 115, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 15, "latest_update": "2026-08-27", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/terlipressin" }, { "slug": "carbetocin", "name": "Carbetocin", "aliases": [ "Duratocin", "Pabal" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Oxytocin analog", "function": "Oxytocin receptor agonist (long-acting)", "context": "Approved to prevent postpartum hemorrhage", "length_aa": 8, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C45H69N11O12S", "average_mass_da": 988.2, "reference_mass_da": 988.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16681432", "iuphar_ligand_id": "11169", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL3301668", "drugbank_id": "DB01282", "cas_rn": "37025-55-1", "unii": "88TWF8015Y" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Carbetocin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=11169", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16681432", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=11169" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16681432" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 103, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 16, "latest_update": "2026-08-17", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/carbetocin" }, { "slug": "atosiban", "name": "Atosiban", "aliases": [ "Tractocile" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Oxytocin antagonist", "function": "Oxytocin and vasopressin receptor antagonist", "context": "Approved (outside the US) to delay preterm labor", "length_aa": 9, "sequence": "XYITNCPXG", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical residue (Residue 1 is mercaptopropanoic acid (deamino-cysteine of the natural sequenec of oxytocin), residue 2 is D-Tyr(2Et), residue 8 is ornithine; disulphide bridge between cysteine residue 6 and N-terminal Mpa)", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C43H67N11O12S2", "average_mass_da": 994.2, "reference_mass_da": 994.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "5311010", "iuphar_ligand_id": "2213", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL382301", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "90779-69-4", "unii": "081D12SI0Z" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Atosiban (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2213", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311010", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2213" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311010" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 23, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 3, "latest_update": "2025-12-09", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/atosiban" }, { "slug": "bivalirudin", "name": "Bivalirudin", "aliases": [ "Angiomax", "Angiox", "Hirulog", "BG-8967" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Direct thrombin inhibitor", "function": "Bivalent thrombin active-site and exosite inhibitor", "context": "Approved anticoagulant (FDA) for percutaneous coronary intervention, including patients with or at risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; studied off-label in ECMO", "length_aa": 20, "sequence": "FPRPGGGGNGDFEEIPEEYL", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C98H138N24O33", "average_mass_da": 2180.3, "reference_mass_da": 2180.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16129704", "iuphar_ligand_id": "6470", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL2103749", "drugbank_id": "DB00006", "cas_rn": "128270-60-0", "unii": "TN9BEX005G" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "20 residues: D-Phe-Pro-Arg-Pro (active-site segment) – Gly4 linker – Asn-Gly-Asp-Phe-Glu-Glu-Ile-Pro-Glu-Glu-Tyr-Leu (exosite segment from hirudin's C-terminus)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6470", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129704", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6470" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129704" } ], "half_life": "≈ 25 min (predominantly non-organ elimination by proteolysis)", "receptors": "Thrombin (serine protease): competitive, reversible bivalent inhibition of the catalytic site and anion-binding exosite 1; affinity intermediate between lepirudin and argatroban", "status": "Approved (FDA): anticoagulation in PCI, with provisional GP IIb/IIIa use, and in patients with or at risk of HIT (IUPHAR record; Warkentin et al., 2008)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 92, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 9, "latest_update": "2026-08-21", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/bivalirudin" }, { "slug": "eptifibatide", "name": "Eptifibatide", "aliases": [ "Integrilin" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor", "function": "Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist (antiplatelet)", "context": "Approved for acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary intervention", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C35H49N11O9S2", "average_mass_da": 832, "reference_mass_da": 832, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "448812", "iuphar_ligand_id": "6585", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1174", "drugbank_id": "DB00063", "cas_rn": "188627-80-7", "unii": "NA8320J834" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Eptifibatide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6585", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/448812", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6585" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/448812" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 35, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-01-16", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/eptifibatide" }, { "slug": "apelin", "name": "Apelin", "aliases": [ "APLN", "apelin-13", "apelin-36" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Peptide hormone", "function": "Endogenous ligand of the APJ (APLNR) receptor", "context": "Cardiovascular and metabolic physiology research target", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C266H427N95O71S2", "average_mass_da": 6156, "reference_mass_da": 6156, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "56841713", "iuphar_ligand_id": "599", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "217082-60-5", "unii": "7P5ZL6T59Y" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Apelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=599", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56841713", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=599" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56841713" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 38, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 4, "latest_update": "2026-09-30", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/apelin" }, { "slug": "elabela", "name": "Elabela", "aliases": [ "ELA", "Apela", "Toddler", "APELA" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Peptide hormone (micropeptide)", "function": "Second endogenous ligand of the APJ (APLNR) receptor", "context": "Cardiovascular and developmental physiology research", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "7930", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Elabela (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7930", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7930" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 170, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 42, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/elabela" }, { "slug": "adropin", "name": "Adropin", "aliases": [ "ENHO", "energy homeostasis-associated protein" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Peptide hormone (hepatokine)", "function": "Regulator of energy homeostasis and lipid/glucose metabolism", "context": "Metabolic physiology and biomarker research", "length_aa": 76, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "9573", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Adropin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9573", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9573" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 9, "highest_phase": "NA", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-09-21", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/adropin" }, { "slug": "spexin", "name": "Spexin", "aliases": [ "SPX", "NPQ", "neuropeptide Q" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Neuropeptide / peptide hormone", "function": "Galanin-receptor (GALR2/GALR3) ligand; satiety and metabolic signaling", "context": "Metabolic and neuroendocrine physiology research", "length_aa": 14, "sequence": "NWTPQAMLYLKGAQ", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C74H114N20O19S", "average_mass_da": 1619.9, "reference_mass_da": 1619.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "122705996", "iuphar_ligand_id": "11417", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1370290-58-6", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Spexin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=11417", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/122705996", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=11417" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/122705996" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2026-01-22", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/spexin" }, { "slug": "relaxin", "name": "Relaxin", "aliases": [ "H2 relaxin", "RLN2", "serelaxin (analog)" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Peptide hormone (insulin superfamily)", "function": "RXFP1 receptor agonist; vasodilation and tissue remodeling", "context": "Reproductive and cardiovascular physiology research", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C256H408N74O74S8", "average_mass_da": 5963, "reference_mass_da": 5963, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "139600719", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1989", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Relaxin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1989", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/139600719", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1989" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/139600719" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 31, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 7, "latest_update": "2026-09-30", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/relaxin" }, { "slug": "bradykinin", "name": "Bradykinin", "aliases": [ "BK", "kallidin-related kinin" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Signaling peptide (kinin)", "function": "Vasodilator and inflammatory mediator via bradykinin B2/B1 receptors", "context": "Vascular, inflammation and pain physiology research", "length_aa": 9, "sequence": "RPPGFSPFR", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C50H73N15O11", "average_mass_da": 1060.2, "reference_mass_da": 1060.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "439201", "iuphar_ligand_id": "649", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL406291", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "58-82-2", "unii": "S8TIM42R2W" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Bradykinin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=649", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/439201", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=649" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/439201" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 73, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 12, "latest_update": "2026-09-22", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/bradykinin" }, { "slug": "atrial-natriuretic-peptide", "name": "Atrial natriuretic peptide", "aliases": [ "ANP", "ANF", "NPPA" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Peptide hormone (natriuretic peptide)", "function": "Promotes natriuresis, diuresis and vasodilation via NPR-A", "context": "Cardiovascular and fluid-balance physiology research", "length_aa": 28, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C127H203N45O39S3", "average_mass_da": 3080.5, "reference_mass_da": 3080.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16129708", "iuphar_ligand_id": "4869", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "89213-87-6", "unii": "GZ8FA500J0" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Atrial natriuretic peptide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4869", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129708", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4869" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129708" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 46, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 8, "latest_update": "2026-09-23", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/atrial-natriuretic-peptide" }, { "slug": "bnp", "name": "B-type natriuretic peptide", "aliases": [ "BNP", "BNP-32", "brain natriuretic peptide", "NPPB" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Peptide hormone (natriuretic peptide)", "function": "Diuresis, natriuresis and vasodilation via NPR-A", "context": "Cardiovascular physiology and heart-failure biomarker research", "length_aa": 32, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "4890", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201668", "drugbank_id": "DB04899", "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "B-type natriuretic peptide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4890", "observedAt": "2026-09-08" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-08", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-08", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4890" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 291, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 36, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/bnp" }, { "slug": "cnp", "name": "C-type natriuretic peptide", "aliases": [ "CNP", "CNP-22", "NPPC" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Peptide hormone (natriuretic peptide)", "function": "Paracrine signaling via NPR-B; bone growth and vascular tone", "context": "Endochondral growth and vascular physiology research", "length_aa": 22, "sequence": "GLSKGCFGLKLDRIGSMSGLGC", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C93H157N27O28S3", "average_mass_da": 2197.6, "reference_mass_da": 2197.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16179407", "iuphar_ligand_id": "4896", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "127869-51-6", "unii": "3VCD78874L" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "C-type natriuretic peptide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4896", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16179407", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4896" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16179407" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 31, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 12, "latest_update": "2026-09-24", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cnp" }, { "slug": "urocortin", "name": "Urocortin", "aliases": [ "UCN", "UCN1", "urocortin 1" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide (CRF family)", "function": "CRHR1/CRHR2 agonist; stress, appetite and cardiovascular signaling", "context": "Stress-axis and cardiovascular physiology research", "length_aa": 40, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "929", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Urocortin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=929", "observedAt": "2026-09-08" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-08", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-08", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=929" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 13, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-04-03", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/urocortin" }, { "slug": "endothelin-1", "name": "Endothelin-1", "aliases": [ "ET-1", "Endothelin 1", "Big endothelin-1 (precursor)" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Vasoconstrictor peptide", "function": "Potent endogenous vasoconstrictor; modulates vasomotor tone, cell proliferation and hormone production", "context": "Endogenous peptide; not a medicine — it is the target of the endothelin receptor antagonists used in pulmonary arterial hypertension and kidney disease", "length_aa": 21, "sequence": "CSCSSLMDKECVYFCHLDIIW", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C109H159N25O32S5", "average_mass_da": 2491.9, "reference_mass_da": 2491.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16212950", "iuphar_ligand_id": "989", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL3775234", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "123626-67-5", "unii": "2K62B8Z6XF" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "21-residue peptide with two disulfide bonds — Cys1–Cys15 and Cys3–Cys11 — forming a bicyclic core with a hydrophobic C-terminal tail ending in tryptophan", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Free acid (Trp21)" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=989", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16212950", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=989" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16212950" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Endothelin ETA and ETB receptors (class A G-protein-coupled receptors)", "status": "Endogenous peptide; not a medicine — the target of approved endothelin receptor antagonists as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 58, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 13, "latest_update": "2026-09-25", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/endothelin-1" }, { "slug": "adrenomedullin", "name": "Adrenomedullin", "aliases": [ "ADM", "AM" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Peptide hormone", "function": "Vasodilation, endothelial barrier function and blood-pressure regulation", "context": "Cardiovascular, sepsis and biomarker research", "length_aa": 52, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C264H406N80O77S3", "average_mass_da": 6029, "reference_mass_da": 6029, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "56841671", "iuphar_ligand_id": "697", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "159964-38-2", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Adrenomedullin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=697", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56841671", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=697" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56841671" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 34, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 6, "latest_update": "2026-08-28", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/adrenomedullin" }, { "slug": "igf-1", "name": "Insulin-like growth factor 1", "aliases": [ "IGF-1", "IGF1", "somatomedin C" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Peptide hormone / growth factor", "function": "Mediates growth-hormone anabolic and growth-promoting effects", "context": "Growth, GH/IGF-axis and metabolism research", "length_aa": 70, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "4971", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201716", "drugbank_id": "DB01277", "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Insulin-like growth factor 1 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4971", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4971" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 299, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 30, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/igf-1" }, { "slug": "igf-2", "name": "Insulin-like growth factor 2", "aliases": [ "IGF-2", "IGF2", "somatomedin A" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Peptide hormone / growth factor", "function": "Promotes cell growth, survival and differentiation; major fetal growth factor", "context": "Fetal growth, imprinting and cancer-biology research", "length_aa": 67, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "4972", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Insulin-like growth factor 2 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4972", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4972" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 78, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 10, "latest_update": "2026-09-28", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/igf-2" }, { "slug": "glp-2", "name": "Glucagon-like peptide-2", "aliases": [ "GLP-2", "teduglutide (analog)" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Peptide hormone (proglucagon-derived)", "function": "Promotes intestinal growth and absorptive function via the GLP-2 receptor", "context": "Intestinal physiology and short-bowel research", "length_aa": 33, "sequence": "HADGSFSDEMNTILDNLAARDFINWLIQTKITD", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C165H254N44O55S", "average_mass_da": 3766.1, "reference_mass_da": 3766.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "71300624", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "223460-79-5", "unii": "0825W549JC" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human GLP-2(1–33), unphosphorylated free peptide", "formLabels": { "en": "Human GLP-2(1–33), unphosphorylated free peptide", "fr": "GLP-2 humaine(1–33), peptide libre non phosphorylé" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free His amino terminus", "c": "Asp free carboxylic acid" }, "modificationState": "unmodified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected human33-residue chain is independently identical in reviewed UniProt, GSRS and the fully specified PubChem structure. Its free termini and absence of phosphate are explicit in the selected PubChem molecular form. UniProt also annotates inferred phosphoserines in the precursor; these distinct phosphorylated forms are not selected. This chain has Thr19, whereas the selected human chain has Ala19. Reviewed rat proglucagonP06883(146–178) contains the Thr19 sequence, corroborating the species distinction. Its formulaC166H256N44O56S and mass3796.1 must not be combined with human GLP-2. This explicitly estimated numeric property is not used. PubChem reports3766.1 for the selected full structure; its formula is corroborated by independent atom accounting.", "fr": "La référence choisie est la GLP-2 humaine de 33 résidus à extrémités libres, avec Ala19. Le variant à Thr19 et les formes phosphorylées sont distincts. Les valeurs estimées incohérentes de GSRS sont exclues." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 71300624", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "referenceMassDa", "massBasis", "InChI", "InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 71300624", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/71300624/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "expandedSequence", "length", "termini", "modifications", "stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProtKB P01275", "url": "https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01275.json", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "sequence", "length", "annotated processing", "annotated modifications" ] }, { "label": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII 0825W549JC", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/0825W549JC?view=full", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "length", "unii", "cas", "unmodified protein definition" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed rat UniProtKB P06883 (excluded variant)", "url": "https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P06883.json", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "excluded variant species", "excluded variant sequence" ] }, { "label": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 155817394", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/155817394/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "expandedSequence", "length", "termini", "modifications", "stereochemistry" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 71300624", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 71300624", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/71300624/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProtKB P01275", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01275.json" }, { "source": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII 0825W549JC", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/0825W549JC?view=full" }, { "source": "Reviewed rat UniProtKB P06883 (excluded variant)", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P06883.json" }, { "source": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 155817394", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/155817394/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 37, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 8, "latest_update": "2026-09-08", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/glp-2" }, { "slug": "guanylin", "name": "Guanylin", "aliases": [ "GN", "GUCA2A" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Signaling peptide (guanylin family)", "function": "Guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist; intestinal fluid and electrolyte transport", "context": "Gastrointestinal secretion and epithelial physiology research", "length_aa": 15, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C60H94N16O22S4", "average_mass_da": 1519.8, "reference_mass_da": 1519.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "5489468", "iuphar_ligand_id": "4945", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "140653-38-9", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Guanylin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4945", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5489468", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4945" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5489468" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/guanylin" }, { "slug": "uroguanylin", "name": "Uroguanylin", "aliases": [ "UGN", "GUCA2B" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Signaling peptide (guanylin family)", "function": "Guanylate cyclase-C agonist; intestinal-renal salt-water and appetite signaling", "context": "Gut-kidney axis and appetite physiology research", "length_aa": 16, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C61H101N17O25S4", "average_mass_da": 1600.8, "reference_mass_da": 1600.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "5488765", "iuphar_ligand_id": "5084", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "152175-68-3", "unii": "EWY1XP1HMZ" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Uroguanylin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5084", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5488765", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5084" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5488765" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/uroguanylin" }, { "slug": "phoenixin", "name": "Phoenixin", "aliases": [ "PNX", "phoenixin-14", "phoenixin-20", "SMIM20" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "GPR173 signaling; reproduction, appetite and stress modulation", "context": "Reproductive and behavioral neuroendocrine research", "length_aa": 14, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Phoenixin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2026-01-13", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/phoenixin" }, { "slug": "urotensin-ii", "name": "Urotensin-II", "aliases": [ "U-II", "UII", "UTS2" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Signaling peptide", "function": "Potent vasoconstriction via the urotensin (UT/GPR14) receptor", "context": "Cardiovascular, renal and metabolic physiology research", "length_aa": 11, "sequence": "ETPDCFWKYCV", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C64H85N13O18S2", "average_mass_da": 1388.6, "reference_mass_da": 1388.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "46225600", "iuphar_ligand_id": "2155", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "9047-55-6", "unii": "QV99Q4C6CR" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Urotensin-II (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2155", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/46225600", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2155" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/46225600" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 3, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2013-06-13", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/urotensin-ii" }, { "slug": "catestatin", "name": "Catestatin", "aliases": [ "CST", "chromogranin A-derived peptide" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Signaling peptide (chromogranin-derived)", "function": "Non-competitive nicotinic antagonist; inhibits catecholamine release", "context": "Autonomic, cardiovascular and metabolic physiology research", "length_aa": 21, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C104H164N32O27S", "average_mass_da": 2326.7, "reference_mass_da": 2326.7, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "71300629", "iuphar_ligand_id": "2007", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "197151-46-5", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Catestatin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2007", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71300629", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2007" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71300629" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 24, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 8, "latest_update": "2026-09-15", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/catestatin" }, { "slug": "cotadutide", "name": "Cotadutide", "aliases": [ "MEDI0382" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "GLP-1 / glucagon receptor dual agonist (peptide)", "function": "Balanced dual agonist of the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, studied for combined glycaemic, hepatic and body-weight effects", "context": "Investigational compound (AstraZeneca); studied in trials for type 2 diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease and MASH — not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": 30, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C167H252N42O55", "average_mass_da": 3728, "reference_mass_da": 3728, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "134694273", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1686108-82-6", "unii": "QL6A9B13HW" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Cotadutide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/134694273", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/134694273" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 23, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2025-09-03", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cotadutide" }, { "slug": "pemvidutide", "name": "Pemvidutide", "aliases": [ "ALT-801" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "GLP-1 / glucagon receptor dual agonist (peptide)", "function": "Once-weekly dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist studied for effects on body weight and liver fat", "context": "Investigational compound (Altimmune); studied in trials for obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis — not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Pemvidutide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 8, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-09-23", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/pemvidutide" }, { "slug": "efinopegdutide", "name": "Efinopegdutide", "aliases": [ "MK-6024", "GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonist" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "GLP-1 / glucagon receptor dual agonist", "function": "Activates the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors — reduces liver fat and body weight", "context": "Investigational (Merck) — phase 2 in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); not approved as of September 2026", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Efinopegdutide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": "GLP-1 receptor and glucagon receptor (dual agonist)", "status": "Investigational — phase 2 (MASH, compensated MASH cirrhosis); not approved as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 7, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2026-09-21", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/efinopegdutide" }, { "slug": "beinaglutide", "name": "Beinaglutide", "aliases": [ "recombinant human GLP-1 (7-36)", "rhGLP-1" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "GLP-1 receptor agonist (recombinant human GLP-1)", "function": "Full-length recombinant human GLP-1(7-36) that engages the GLP-1 receptor in glucose and satiety signalling", "context": "Approved in China (NMPA) for type 2 diabetes and studied for weight management; not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": 30, "sequence": "HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C149H225N39O46", "average_mass_da": 3298.6, "reference_mass_da": 3298.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16209124", "iuphar_ligand_id": "12863", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB15072", "cas_rn": "123475-27-4", "unii": "38I1O6L31D" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Beinaglutide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=12863", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16209124", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=12863" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16209124" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 3, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2025-05-02", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/beinaglutide" }, { "slug": "endomorphin-1", "name": "Endomorphin-1", "aliases": [ "EM-1" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Endogenous opioid tetrapeptide", "function": "High-affinity, highly selective agonist of the mu-opioid receptor", "context": "Endogenous neuropeptide and research tool in opioid pharmacology; not a Health Canada-authorized product", "length_aa": 4, "sequence": "YPWF-NH2", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C34H38N6O5", "average_mass_da": 610.7, "reference_mass_da": 610.7, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "5311080", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1623", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL316446", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "189388-22-5", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Endomorphin-1, amidated tetrapeptide", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The four-residue chains agree. -NH2 records the C-terminal amide described in the IUPHAR snapshot and PubChem structure. Bare sequence arithmetic omits that modification.", "fr": "Les chaînes de quatre résidus concordent. -NH2 indique l'amide C-terminal décrit dans l'instantané IUPHAR et la structure PubChem. Le calcul à partir de la séquence seule omet cette modification." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1623", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311080", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1623" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311080" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/endomorphin-1" }, { "slug": "endomorphin-2", "name": "Endomorphin-2", "aliases": [ "EM-2" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Endogenous opioid tetrapeptide", "function": "High-affinity, highly selective agonist of the mu-opioid receptor", "context": "Endogenous neuropeptide and research tool in opioid pharmacology; not a Health Canada-authorized product", "length_aa": 4, "sequence": "YPFF-NH2", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C32H37N5O5", "average_mass_da": 571.7, "reference_mass_da": 571.7, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "5311081", "iuphar_ligand_id": "3668", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL333357", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "141801-26-5", "unii": "3PH5M0466G" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Endomorphin-2, amidated tetrapeptide", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The four-residue chains agree. -NH2 records the C-terminal amide described in the IUPHAR snapshot and PubChem structure. Bare sequence arithmetic omits that modification.", "fr": "Les chaînes de quatre résidus concordent. -NH2 indique l'amide C-terminal décrit dans l'instantané IUPHAR et la structure PubChem. Le calcul à partir de la séquence seule omet cette modification." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3668", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311081", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3668" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311081" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/endomorphin-2" }, { "slug": "dermorphin", "name": "Dermorphin", "aliases": [], "category": "neuro", "type": "Exogenous opioid heptapeptide (frog skin)", "function": "Potent, highly selective mu-opioid receptor agonist", "context": "Naturally occurring peptide and research tool; misused historically in animal sport, where it is prohibited — not a Health Canada-authorized product", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": "Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C40H50N8O10", "average_mass_da": 802.9, "reference_mass_da": 802.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "5485199", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "77614-16-5", "unii": "2SEC01B703" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Dermorphin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5485199", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5485199" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/dermorphin" }, { "slug": "deltorphin", "name": "Deltorphin", "aliases": [ "deltorphin A", "dermenkephalin" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Exogenous opioid heptapeptide (frog skin)", "function": "Potent and highly selective delta-opioid receptor agonist", "context": "Naturally occurring peptide and research tool in opioid pharmacology; not a Health Canada-authorized product", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": "YMFHLMD", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "H-Tyr-D-Met-Phe-His-Leu-Met-Asp-NH2", "formula": "C44H62N10O10S2", "average_mass_da": 955.2, "reference_mass_da": 955.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "3035060", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "119975-64-3", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Deltorphin A, D-Met2 and Asp7-amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Deltorphin A, D-Met2 and Asp7-amide", "fr": "Deltorphine A, D-Met2 et Asp7-amide" }, "species": "Phyllomedusa sauvagei (name used in the original isolation paper)", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free Tyr amino terminus", "c": "Asp carboxamide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The original isolation paper explicitly identifies the Tyr-D-Met-Phe-His-Leu-Met-Asp-NH2 chain in this frog species. The selected PubChem structure encodes D-Met2 and the terminal amide. Stereochemical identity is established directly, not by a mass match. The snapshot names deltorphinII and describes YAFEVVG, a different family member with different formula, mass and terminal residue. Its identifiers are not retained as identifiers of deltorphinA.", "fr": "La référence est la deltorphine A, avec D-Met2 et amide C-terminal. La deltorphine II est un autre peptide ; ses identifiants et sa masse ne sont pas combinés à cette forme." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 3035060", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "referenceMassDa", "massBasis", "InChI", "InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 3035060", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/3035060/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "expandedSequence", "length", "termini", "modifications", "stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Original deltorphin isolation paper (1989)", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2542051/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "sequence", "D-Met2", "Asp-amide", "cas" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 3035060", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 3035060", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/3035060/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "Original deltorphin isolation paper (1989)", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2542051/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/deltorphin" }, { "slug": "thymogen", "name": "Thymogen", "aliases": [ "glutamyl-tryptophan", "L-Glu-L-Trp", "thymagen" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Synthetic dipeptide immunomodulator (Khavinson class)", "function": "Short synthetic dipeptide studied for effects on T-cell differentiation and immune signalling", "context": "Investigational bioregulator studied in Russian immunology and aging research; not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": 2, "sequence": "Glu-Trp", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C16H19N3O5", "average_mass_da": 333.34, "reference_mass_da": 333.34, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "100094", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "38101-59-6", "unii": "4RHY598T5U" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Thymogen (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/100094", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/100094" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/thymogen" }, { "slug": "cortagen", "name": "Cortagen", "aliases": [ "Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro", "AEDP", "brain cortex tetrapeptide" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Synthetic tetrapeptide (Khavinson bioregulator)", "function": "Studied in rats for peripheral-nerve regeneration and antioxidant effects in brain tissue", "context": "Research compound, not approved anywhere; no registered clinical trials", "length_aa": 4, "sequence": "AEDP", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C17H26N4O9", "average_mass_da": 430.4, "reference_mass_da": 430.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "18439621", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "335591-03-2", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Linear tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/18439621", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/18439621" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Research compound; not approved anywhere and no registered clinical trial (September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-08" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cortagen" }, { "slug": "cardiogen", "name": "Cardiogen", "aliases": [ "AEDR peptide", "Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator (Khavinson class)", "function": "Short synthetic peptide studied as a heart-tissue bioregulator in cardiac gene-expression research", "context": "Investigational bioregulator studied in Russian cardiology and aging research; not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": 4, "sequence": "AEDR", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Cardiogen (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2012-08-15", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cardiogen" }, { "slug": "neuromedin-u", "name": "Neuromedin U", "aliases": [ "NmU", "NMU", "NmU-25" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide", "function": "Signals through NMUR1/NMUR2 receptors in smooth-muscle contraction, appetite suppression and energy balance", "context": "Endogenous neuropeptide and target in metabolism and appetite research; not a Health Canada-authorized product", "length_aa": 25, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "155817412", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1472", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Neuromedin U (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1472", "observedAt": "2026-09-08" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-08", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-08", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1472" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/neuromedin-u" }, { "slug": "acetyl-tetrapeptide-5", "name": "Acetyl Tetrapeptide-5", "aliases": [ "Eyeseryl" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Cosmetic signal peptide (INCI ingredient)", "function": "Cosmetic-ingredient peptide marketed for the look of under-eye puffiness and skin firmness", "context": "Cosmetic ingredient (INCI: Acetyl Tetrapeptide-5), used topically in eye-care formulations; framed as a cosmetic ingredient, not a drug", "length_aa": 4, "sequence": "Ac-βAla-His-Ser-His", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C20H28N8O7", "average_mass_da": 492.5, "reference_mass_da": 492.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "11620163", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "820959-17-9", "unii": "Y1DFQ308G8" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Acetyl Tetrapeptide-5 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11620163", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11620163" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/acetyl-tetrapeptide-5" }, { "slug": "palmitoyl-tetrapeptide-7", "name": "Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7", "aliases": [ "Pal-GQPR" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Cosmetic signal peptide (INCI ingredient)", "function": "Cosmetic-ingredient peptide associated with the look of skin firmness and calming of visible signs of stress", "context": "Cosmetic ingredient (INCI: Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7), a component of the Matrixyl 3000 complex; framed as a cosmetic ingredient, not a drug", "length_aa": 4, "sequence": "Palmitoyl-GQPR", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C34H62N8O7", "average_mass_da": 694.9, "reference_mass_da": 694.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "10078408", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "221227-05-0", "unii": "Q41S464P1R" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10078408", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10078408" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2024-10-24", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/palmitoyl-tetrapeptide-7" }, { "slug": "leuphasyl", "name": "Leuphasyl", "aliases": [ "Pentapeptide-18" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Cosmetic neuro-peptide (INCI ingredient)", "function": "Enkephalin-inspired cosmetic peptide marketed to soften the look of expression lines", "context": "Cosmetic ingredient (INCI: Pentapeptide-18), used topically in anti-wrinkle formulations; framed as a cosmetic ingredient, not a drug", "length_aa": 5, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C29H39N5O7", "average_mass_da": 569.6, "reference_mass_da": 569.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "10099522", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "64963-01-5", "unii": "PO4D55T1IG" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Leuphasyl (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10099522", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10099522" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/leuphasyl" }, { "slug": "oligopeptide-1-egf", "name": "Oligopeptide-1 (EGF)", "aliases": [ "sh-Oligopeptide-1", "rh-EGF", "epidermal growth factor" ], "category": "cosmetic", "type": "Cosmetic growth-factor peptide (INCI ingredient)", "function": "Bioengineered analog of human epidermal growth factor used in skin-renewal-focused cosmetics", "context": "Cosmetic ingredient (INCI: sh-Oligopeptide-1), used topically; framed as a cosmetic ingredient, not a drug, and its topical efficacy is debated", "length_aa": 53, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Oligopeptide-1 (EGF) (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 3, "highest_phase": "NA", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2026-08-03", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/oligopeptide-1-egf" }, { "slug": "pexiganan", "name": "Pexiganan", "aliases": [ "MSI-78", "pexiganan acetate" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Synthetic antimicrobial peptide (magainin analog)", "function": "Cationic membrane-disrupting antimicrobial peptide", "context": "Investigational topical agent studied for infected diabetic foot ulcers", "length_aa": 22, "sequence": "GIGKFLKKAKKFGKAFVKILKK", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C122H210N32O22", "average_mass_da": 2477.2, "reference_mass_da": 2477.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16132253", "iuphar_ligand_id": "14042", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1275802", "drugbank_id": "DB16293", "cas_rn": "147664-63-9", "unii": "TVF29Q70Q1" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Pexiganan (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14042", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132253", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14042" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132253" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 4, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2020-09-03", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/pexiganan" }, { "slug": "omiganan", "name": "Omiganan", "aliases": [ "MBI 226", "MX-226", "CLS001" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Synthetic antimicrobial peptide (indolicidin analog)", "function": "Cationic membrane-depolarizing antimicrobial peptide", "context": "Investigational topical agent studied for skin infections and inflammatory skin conditions", "length_aa": 12, "sequence": "ILRWPWWPWRRK", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C90H127N27O12", "average_mass_da": 1779.1, "reference_mass_da": 1779.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16131445", "iuphar_ligand_id": "14110", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1615933", "drugbank_id": "DB06610", "cas_rn": "204248-78-2", "unii": "618SLL9VBS" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Omiganan (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14110", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16131445", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14110" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16131445" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 14, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2022-08-02", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/omiganan" }, { "slug": "murepavadin", "name": "Murepavadin", "aliases": [ "POL7080", "RG7929" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Peptidomimetic antibiotic (protegrin-derived)", "function": "Species-specific inhibitor of LptD in Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "context": "Investigational antibiotic studied for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C73H112N22O16", "average_mass_da": 1553.8, "reference_mass_da": 1553.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "91824766", "iuphar_ligand_id": "10832", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL3946483", "drugbank_id": "DB14777", "cas_rn": "944252-63-5", "unii": "0D02GRY87Z" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Murepavadin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10832", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/91824766", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10832" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/91824766" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 6, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2019-08-28", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/murepavadin" }, { "slug": "plectasin", "name": "Plectasin", "aliases": [ "NZ2114 (derivative)" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Fungal defensin antimicrobial peptide", "function": "Lipid II-binding inhibitor of bacterial cell-wall synthesis", "context": "Research antimicrobial studied against Gram-positive pathogens", "length_aa": 40, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Plectasin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/plectasin" }, { "slug": "gramicidin", "name": "Gramicidin", "aliases": [ "gramicidin D", "gramicidin A" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Linear peptide antibiotic (ion-channel former)", "function": "Forms cation-selective transmembrane channels", "context": "Topical antibiotic (approved for external use) and a classic ion-channel model", "length_aa": 15, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C99H140N20O17", "average_mass_da": 1882.3, "reference_mass_da": 1882.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16130140", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "2954858-28-5", "unii": "5IE62321P4" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Gramicidin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16130140", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16130140" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 10, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 3, "latest_update": "2026-07-14", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/gramicidin" }, { "slug": "polymyxin-b", "name": "Polymyxin B", "aliases": [ "PMB" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic", "function": "Binds lipopolysaccharide and disrupts the Gram-negative outer membrane", "context": "Approved antibiotic for serious Gram-negative infections; also in topical products", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C56H98N16O13", "average_mass_da": 1203.5, "reference_mass_da": 1203.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "4868", "iuphar_ligand_id": "10338", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL241797", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Polymyxin B (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10338", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4868", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10338" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4868" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 84, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 17, "latest_update": "2026-09-24", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/polymyxin-b" }, { "slug": "colistin", "name": "Colistin", "aliases": [ "polymyxin E", "colistimethate (prodrug)" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic", "function": "Binds lipid A and permeabilizes the Gram-negative outer membrane", "context": "Last-resort approved antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C52H98N16O13", "average_mass_da": 1155.4, "reference_mass_da": 1155.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "5311054", "iuphar_ligand_id": "10794", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL499783", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1066-17-7", "unii": "Z67X93HJG1" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Colistin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10794", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311054", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10794" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311054" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 122, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 23, "latest_update": "2026-09-30", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/colistin" }, { "slug": "daptomycin", "name": "Daptomycin", "aliases": [ "LY146032", "Cubicin" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic", "function": "Calcium-dependent membrane depolarization of Gram-positive bacteria", "context": "Approved antibiotic for serious Gram-positive infections including MRSA", "length_aa": 13, "sequence": "WNDTGXDADGSXX", "sequence_note": "X positions 6: L-ornithine; 12: threo-3-methyl-L-glutamate (2S,3R); 13: L-kynurenine (3-anthraniloyl-L-alanine)", "modified_sequence": "N-decanoyl-L-Trp-D-Asn-L-Asp-L-Thr-Gly-L-Orn-L-Asp-D-Ala-L-Asp-Gly-D-Ser-threo-3-methyl-L-Glu-L-Kyn; Thr4–Kyn13 lactone", "formula": "C72H101N17O26", "average_mass_da": 1620.67, "reference_mass_da": 1620.67, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "21585658", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "103060-53-3", "unii": "NWQ5N31VKK" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Daptomycin parent cyclic lipopeptide", "formLabels": { "en": "Daptomycin parent cyclic lipopeptide", "fr": "Daptomycine, lipopeptide cyclique parent" }, "species": "Produced by fermentation of Streptomyces roseosporus", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "N-decanoyl-L-Trp", "c": "Kyn13 carboxyl forms a lactone with the Thr4 side-chain hydroxyl" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "FDA names the full stereochemical residue sequence, N-decanoyl group and lactone and reports1620.67g/mol forC72H101N17O26. GSRS has all13 stereocenters defined and the same standard InChI as PubChem21585658. The canonical backbone usesX only for nonproteinogenic residues; it does not pretend the cyclic lipopeptide is an unmodified linear peptide. The alternative PubChem structure has L-Asn2 rather than the D-Asn2 explicitly named by FDA. Its identical elemental formula and nominal mass cannot resolve this epimer difference.", "fr": "La référence est la daptomycine lipidée et cyclisée, avec la stéréochimie du médicament, notamment D-Asn2. Le CID alternatif présentant une autre stéréochimie est exclu. La séquence seule ne représente pas sa structure complète." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 21585658", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "referenceMassDa", "massBasis", "InChI", "InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 21585658", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/21585658/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "expandedSequence", "length", "termini", "modifications", "stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII NWQ5N31VKK", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/NWQ5N31VKK?view=full", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "full stereochemical identity", "formula", "average molecular weight", "unii", "cas", "pubchemCid" ] }, { "label": "FDA CUBICIN label (2017), Section11", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021572s057lbl.pdf", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "averageMassDa", "expandedSequence", "N-decanoyl", "lactone", "species" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 21585658", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 21585658", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/21585658/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII NWQ5N31VKK", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/NWQ5N31VKK?view=full" }, { "source": "FDA CUBICIN label (2017), Section11", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021572s057lbl.pdf" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 122, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 11, "latest_update": "2026-09-25", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/daptomycin" }, { "slug": "bacitracin", "name": "Bacitracin", "aliases": [ "bacitracin A" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic (mixture)", "function": "Blocks recycling of the lipid carrier bactoprenol in cell-wall synthesis", "context": "Approved topical antibiotic for minor skin and eye infections", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C66H103N17O16S", "average_mass_da": 1422.7, "reference_mass_da": 1422.7, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "10909430", "iuphar_ligand_id": "12812", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1200558", "drugbank_id": "DB00626", "cas_rn": "22601-59-8", "unii": "58H6RWO52I" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Bacitracin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=12812", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10909430", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=12812" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10909430" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 54, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 4, "latest_update": "2026-09-03", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/bacitracin" }, { "slug": "nisin", "name": "Nisin", "aliases": [ "E234" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Lantibiotic (ribosomal antimicrobial peptide)", "function": "Binds lipid II and forms membrane pores in Gram-positive bacteria", "context": "Approved food preservative (E234); studied as an antimicrobial", "length_aa": 34, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C143H230N42O37S7", "average_mass_da": 3354.1, "reference_mass_da": 3354.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16129667", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1414-45-5", "unii": "EN8XKG133D" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Nisin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129667", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129667" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 5, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-07-09", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/nisin" }, { "slug": "teicoplanin", "name": "Teicoplanin", "aliases": [ "teichomycin A2", "Targocid" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Glycopeptide antibiotic (complex)", "function": "Binds the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan precursors", "context": "Approved (outside the U.S.) antibiotic for serious Gram-positive infections", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C88H97Cl2N9O33", "average_mass_da": 1879.7, "reference_mass_da": 1879.7, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "133065662", "iuphar_ligand_id": "10924", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB06149", "cas_rn": "61036-62-2", "unii": "4U3D3YY81M" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Teicoplanin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10924", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/133065662", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10924" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/133065662" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 44, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 9, "latest_update": "2026-09-21", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/teicoplanin" }, { "slug": "chlorotoxin", "name": "Chlorotoxin", "aliases": [ "CTX", "ClTx", "tozuleristide", "TM-601" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Scorpion-venom peptide (toxin)", "function": "Binds glioma-associated targets including MMP-2 and chloride channels", "context": "Research and imaging tool; investigational tumor-targeting agent ('tumor paint')", "length_aa": 36, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C158H249N53O47S11", "average_mass_da": 3996, "reference_mass_da": 3996, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "86278273", "iuphar_ligand_id": "2537", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "163515-35-3", "unii": "06UV5RFW57" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Chlorotoxin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2537", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/86278273", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2537" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/86278273" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 8, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-08-24", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/chlorotoxin" }, { "slug": "apamin", "name": "Apamin", "aliases": [ "apamine" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Bee-venom neurotoxin peptide", "function": "Selective blocker of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels", "context": "Widely used pharmacological research tool for SK-channel physiology", "length_aa": 18, "sequence": "CNCKAPETALCARRCQQH", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "H-Cys(1)-Asn-Cys(2)-Lys-Ala-Pro-Glu-Thr-Ala-Leu-Cys(1)-Ala-Arg-Arg-Cys(2)-Gln-Gln-His-NH2", "formula": "C79H131N31O24S4", "average_mass_da": 2027.4, "reference_mass_da": 2027.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16133797", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": "X644P85KUR" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Mature apamin, two disulfides and His18-amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Mature apamin, two disulfides and His18-amide", "fr": "Apamine mature, deux ponts disulfure et His18-amide" }, "species": "Apis mellifera", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free Cys amino terminus", "c": "His carboxamide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reviewed UniProt specifies the18-residue mature chain, His-amide and the two disulfides, corroborated by the GSRS protein definition and the original folding paper. PubChem16133797 and16218850 have exactly identical standard InChI, not merely equal masses; their different imidazole naming does not establish a different molecular form. These ancillary attributes conflict with the annotated two disulfides and terminal amidation and are not used. The exact PubChem formulaC79H131N31O24S4 matches independent atom accounting of those modifications.", "fr": "La référence est l'apamine amidée avec deux ponts disulfure. Les deux CID comparés décrivent la même structure. Les estimations de formule et de masse de GSRS qui contredisent ces modifications sont exclues." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 16133797", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "referenceMassDa", "massBasis", "InChI", "InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 16133797", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16133797/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "expandedSequence", "length", "termini", "modifications", "stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProtKB P01500", "url": "https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01500.json", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "sequence", "length", "annotated processing", "annotated modifications" ] }, { "label": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS apamin complete protein definition", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/X644P85KUR?view=full", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "length", "disulfide positions", "His-amide", "unii" ] }, { "label": "Original apamin folding study (1992)", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1737006/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "His-amide", "disulfide positions" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 16133797", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 16133797", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16133797/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProtKB P01500", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01500.json" }, { "source": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS apamin complete protein definition", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/X644P85KUR?view=full" }, { "source": "Original apamin folding study (1992)", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1737006/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/apamin" }, { "slug": "huwentoxin", "name": "Huwentoxin", "aliases": [ "HWTX", "HwTx-IV", "mu-theraphotoxin-Hs2a" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Spider-venom peptide family (toxins)", "function": "Inhibitor cystine-knot peptides that modulate voltage-gated ion channels", "context": "Research tools for ion-channel and pain studies", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "7570", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Huwentoxin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7570", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7570" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/huwentoxin" }, { "slug": "mambalgin", "name": "Mambalgin", "aliases": [ "Mamb-1", "pi-Dp1" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Snake-venom peptide (three-finger toxin)", "function": "Inhibits acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) by trapping them closed", "context": "Research tool studied for analgesia and ASIC physiology", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "10308", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Mambalgin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10308", "observedAt": "2026-09-06" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-06", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10308" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/mambalgin" }, { "slug": "teixobactin", "name": "Teixobactin", "aliases": [], "category": "foundational", "type": "Nonribosomal depsipeptide antibiotic", "function": "Binds lipid II and lipid III to block cell-wall and teichoic-acid synthesis", "context": "Research antibiotic studied against Gram-positive pathogens", "length_aa": 11, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C58H95N15O15", "average_mass_da": 1242.5, "reference_mass_da": 1242.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "86341926", "iuphar_ligand_id": "10972", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL3977597", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1613225-53-8", "unii": "LC730GUE72" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Teixobactin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10972", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/86341926", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10972" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/86341926" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/teixobactin" }, { "slug": "triptorelin", "name": "Triptorelin", "aliases": [ "Decapeptyl", "GnRH agonist" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GnRH agonist (decapeptide analog)", "function": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist", "context": "Approved medicine for prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and central precocious puberty (prescription)", "length_aa": 10, "sequence": "pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C64H82N18O13", "average_mass_da": 1311.4, "reference_mass_da": 1311.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "25074470", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1177", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201334", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "57773-63-4", "unii": "9081Y98W2V" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Triptorelin parent peptide (not a salt)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Pyroglutamate", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The long-form sequence and letter-only chain describe the same ten positions when pGlu, D-Trp at 6, and terminal Gly-NH2 are retained. Those modifications are essential to the parent-form reference; the letters alone do not encode them.", "fr": "La séquence développée et la chaîne en lettres décrivent les mêmes dix positions en conservant pGlu, D-Trp à la position 6 et Gly-NH2 terminal. Ces modifications sont essentielles à la référence de la forme mère ; les lettres seules ne les codent pas." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1177", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25074470", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1177" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25074470" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 297, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 62, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/triptorelin" }, { "slug": "histrelin", "name": "Histrelin", "aliases": [ "Supprelin LA", "Vantas", "GnRH agonist" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GnRH agonist (nonapeptide analog)", "function": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist", "context": "Approved medicine for central precocious puberty and hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, delivered by subcutaneous implant (prescription)", "length_aa": 9, "sequence": "XHWSYHLRP", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical residue (N-terminal residue is pyroglutamic acid; histadine residue is phenylmethyl-histidine)", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C66H86N18O12", "average_mass_da": 1323.5, "reference_mass_da": 1323.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "25077993", "iuphar_ligand_id": "3884", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201255", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "76712-82-8", "unii": "H50H3S3W74" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Histrelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3884", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25077993", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3884" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25077993" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 15, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 5, "latest_update": "2026-08-17", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/histrelin" }, { "slug": "buserelin", "name": "Buserelin", "aliases": [ "Suprefact", "GnRH agonist" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GnRH agonist (nonapeptide analog)", "function": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist", "context": "Approved medicine for prostate cancer, premenopausal breast cancer, endometriosis, and use in assisted reproduction (prescription)", "length_aa": 9, "sequence": "XHWSYSLRP", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical residue (N-terminal glutamic acid is pyrocarboxylic acid; serine residue at position 4 is 1,1-dimethylethyl-serine (t-Bu-Ser))", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C60H86N16O13", "average_mass_da": 1239.4, "reference_mass_da": 1239.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "50225", "iuphar_ligand_id": "3860", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL2110824", "drugbank_id": "DB06719", "cas_rn": "57982-77-1", "unii": "PXW8U3YXDV" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Buserelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3860", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/50225", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=3860" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/50225" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 42, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 4, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/buserelin" }, { "slug": "deslorelin", "name": "Deslorelin", "aliases": [ "Suprelorin", "Ovuplant", "GnRH agonist" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GnRH agonist (nonapeptide analog)", "function": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone superagonist", "context": "Approved for veterinary use (e.g., chemical castration in dogs, ovulation timing in mares); marketed as Suprelorin and Ovuplant", "length_aa": 9, "sequence": "XHWSYWLRP", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical residue (Glutamic acid (residue 1) is pyroglutamic acid; leucine residue at position 6 is D-Trp; C-terminal proline residue at Pro-NHEt)", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C64H83N17O12", "average_mass_da": 1282.4, "reference_mass_da": 1282.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "25077495", "iuphar_ligand_id": "9343", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "57773-65-6", "unii": "TKG3I66TVE" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Deslorelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9343", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25077495", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9343" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25077495" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 4, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2025-06-12", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/deslorelin" }, { "slug": "cetrorelix", "name": "Cetrorelix", "aliases": [ "Cetrotide", "GnRH antagonist" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GnRH antagonist (decapeptide analog)", "function": "Competitive gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist", "context": "Approved medicine used in assisted reproduction to prevent premature luteinizing hormone surges (prescription)", "length_aa": 10, "sequence": "AFASYXLRPA", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical residue (Residue 6 is N5-D-aminocarbonylornithine (D-Cit); N-terminal alanine is N-acetylated,2-naphthalenyl-alanine (Ac-D-Nal) ; C-terminal D-alanine is amidated; residue 2 is D-chlorophenyalanine (D-Cpa); residue 3 is 3-pyridinyl-D-alanine (D-Pal))", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C70H92ClN17O14", "average_mass_da": 1431, "reference_mass_da": 1431, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "25074887", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1190", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1200490", "drugbank_id": "DB00050", "cas_rn": "120287-85-6", "unii": "OON1HFZ4BA" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Cetrorelix (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1190", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25074887", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1190" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25074887" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 140, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 14, "latest_update": "2026-09-30", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cetrorelix" }, { "slug": "ganirelix", "name": "Ganirelix", "aliases": [ "Orgalutran", "Antagon", "Fyremadel", "ganirelix acetate", "RS-26306", "Org 37462" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GnRH antagonist (decapeptide analog)", "function": "Competitive gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist", "context": "Approved prescription medicine (FDA, EMA) to prevent premature LH surges during controlled ovarian stimulation in assisted reproduction", "length_aa": 10, "sequence": "XXXSYXLXPA", "sequence_note": "X1=Ac-D-2Nal; X2=D-4-chlorophenylalanine; X3=D-3-pyridylalanine; X6=D-N9,N10-diethyl-homoarginine; X8=L-N9,N10-diethyl-homoarginine; A10=D-alaninamide.", "modified_sequence": "Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Tyr-D-hArg(Et,Et)-Leu-hArg(Et,Et)-Pro-D-Ala-NH2", "formula": "C80H113ClN18O13", "average_mass_da": 1570.4, "reference_mass_da": 1570.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16130957", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "124904-93-4", "unii": "IX503L9WN0" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Ganirelix anhydrous parent free base", "formLabels": { "en": "Ganirelix anhydrous parent free base", "fr": "Ganirélix, base libre anhydre" }, "species": "Synthetic GnRH antagonist; no natural source species applies", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "N-acetyl-D-2-naphthylalanyl", "c": "D-alaninamide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected fully defined decapeptide agrees with the official label and NIH GSRS. N9,N10-diethyl-homoarginines6/8 and the specified D/L configurations must be retained. The old CID contains undefined and conflicting stereochemistry; the selected label mass excludes acetate.", "fr": "Le décapeptide entièrement défini retenu concorde avec la notice et NIH GSRS. Les N9,N10-diéthyl-homoarginines6/8 et les configurations D/L précisées sont conservées. L’ancien identifiant comporte des centres indéfinis et une stéréochimie contradictoire ; la masse retenue exclut l’acétate." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16130957/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expanded sequence", "backbone sequence", "termini and stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16130957/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS", "UNII" ] }, { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22GANIRELIX%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "formula", "average mass", "full stereochemical InChIKey" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16130957/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16130957/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22GANIRELIX%22" } ], "half_life": "Rapidly absorbed after subcutaneous injection (tmax 1–2 h); absolute bioavailability over 90%; suppression is immediately reversible on stopping", "receptors": "Competitive antagonist at the pituitary GnRH receptor; no intrinsic activity, so no initial flare", "status": "Approved (FDA 1999, EMA): prevention of premature LH surges in controlled ovarian stimulation; generics available", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 105, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 11, "latest_update": "2026-09-30", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ganirelix" }, { "slug": "abarelix", "name": "Abarelix", "aliases": [ "Plenaxis", "GnRH antagonist" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GnRH antagonist (decapeptide analog)", "function": "Competitive gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist", "context": "GnRH antagonist for advanced prostate cancer; introduced in the US in 2003 but discontinued there in 2005, and remains available in some European markets", "length_aa": 10, "sequence": "AFASYNLKPA", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C72H95ClN14O14", "average_mass_da": 1416.1, "reference_mass_da": 1416.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16131215", "iuphar_ligand_id": "1188", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1252", "drugbank_id": "DB00106", "cas_rn": "183552-38-7", "unii": "W486SJ5824" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Abarelix (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1188", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16131215", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=1188" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16131215" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 5, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-09-22", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/abarelix" }, { "slug": "teverelix", "name": "Teverelix", "aliases": [ "teverelix TFA", "GnRH antagonist" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "GnRH antagonist (decapeptide analog)", "function": "Competitive gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist", "context": "Investigational GnRH antagonist studied for prostate cancer and benign prostatic conditions; not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": 10, "sequence": "XXXSYXLXPA", "sequence_note": "X1=Ac-D-2Nal; X2=D-4-chlorophenylalanine; X3=D-3-pyridylalanine; X6=D-homocitrulline; X8=N6-isopropyl-L-lysine; A10=D-alaninamide.", "modified_sequence": "Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Tyr-D-hCit-Leu-Lys(iPr)-Pro-D-Ala-NH2", "formula": "C74H100ClN15O14", "average_mass_da": 1459.1, "reference_mass_da": 1459.1, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16135076", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "151272-78-5", "unii": "D19V7048JK" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Teverelix parent free peptide", "formLabels": { "en": "Teverelix parent free peptide", "fr": "Tévérelix, peptide mère libre" }, "species": "Synthetic GnRH antagonist; no natural source species applies", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "N-acetyl-D-2-naphthylalanyl", "c": "D-alaninamide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The selected parent has D-homocitrulline6 and N6-isopropyl-Lys8. PubChem’s full stereochemical key matches NIH GSRS and the expanded sequence agrees with an original study. The old CID is incomplete/conflicting; TFA and acetate salts have separate masses.", "fr": "La molécule mère retenue porte D-homocitrulline6 et N6-isopropyl-Lys8. La clé stéréochimique complète de PubChem concorde avec NIH GSRS et la séquence développée concorde avec une étude originale. L’ancien identifiant est incomplet et contradictoire ; les sels de TFA et d’acétate ont des masses distinctes." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16135076/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expanded sequence", "backbone sequence", "termini and stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16135076/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS", "UNII" ] }, { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22TEVERELIX%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "formula", "average mass", "full stereochemical InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "Original teverelix self-assembly study, materials chemical definition", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12776573/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "exact expanded sequence", "the studied TFA salt is separate from the parent; paper mass unit not adopted" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16135076/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16135076/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22TEVERELIX%22" }, { "source": "Original teverelix self-assembly study, materials chemical definition", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12776573/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 4, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-07-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/teverelix" }, { "slug": "vapreotide", "name": "Vapreotide", "aliases": [ "Sanvar", "RC-160", "somatostatin analog" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Somatostatin analog (cyclic octapeptide)", "function": "Somatostatin receptor agonist", "context": "Somatostatin analog studied and used in some countries for esophageal variceal bleeding; regulatory status varies by market", "length_aa": 8, "sequence": "FCYWKVCW", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "H-D-Phe-Cys(1)-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys(1)-Trp-NH2", "formula": "C57H70N12O9S2", "average_mass_da": 1131.4, "reference_mass_da": 1131.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "6918026", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "103222-11-3", "unii": "2PK59M9GFF" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Vapreotide free parent peptide (RC-160)", "formLabels": { "en": "Vapreotide free parent peptide (RC-160)", "fr": "Vapréotide, peptide parent libre (RC-160)" }, "species": "Synthetic somatostatin analogue; not a species-derived natural peptide", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free D-Phe amino terminus", "c": "Trp carboxamide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "PubChem encodes the D-Phe1/D-Trp4 sequence, Cys2–7 bond and terminal amide. GSRS has all8 stereocenters defined and an identical standard InChI. The1991 original RC-160 paper independently describes the sequence. The reference excludes acetate or other counterions. This PubChem record has the same connectivity/formula but undefined stereochemistry (no stereochemical InChI layer). It cannot independently identify the specific D-Phe1/D-Trp4 parent selected here.", "fr": "La référence est le peptide parent vapréotide, cyclisé par un pont disulfure, avec ses résidus D et son amide C-terminal. Le registre sans stéréochimie définie est exclu ; les sels et préparations sont distincts." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 6918026", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "referenceMassDa", "massBasis", "InChI", "InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 6918026", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918026/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "expandedSequence", "length", "termini", "modifications", "stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII 2PK59M9GFF", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/2PK59M9GFF?view=full", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "full stereochemistry", "unii", "cas", "pubchemCid" ] }, { "label": "Original RC-160 research paper (1991)", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1680056/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expandedSequence", "D-Phe1", "D-Trp4", "C-terminal amide" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 6918026", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 6918026", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6918026/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII 2PK59M9GFF", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/2PK59M9GFF?view=full" }, { "source": "Original RC-160 research paper (1991)", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1680056/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 2, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2010-08-10", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/vapreotide" }, { "slug": "seglitide", "name": "Seglitide", "aliases": [ "MK-678", "L-363,586", "somatostatin analog" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Somatostatin analog (cyclic hexapeptide)", "function": "Somatostatin receptor (predominantly SSTR2) ligand", "context": "Investigational/research somatostatin analog; not an approved medicine and not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": 6, "sequence": "AYWKVF", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C44H56N8O7", "average_mass_da": 809, "reference_mass_da": 809, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "5311430", "iuphar_ligand_id": "2051", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL311695", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "81377-02-8", "unii": "5P57R7IR6J" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Seglitide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2051", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311430", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2051" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311430" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "iuphar", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/seglitide" }, { "slug": "aviptadil", "name": "Aviptadil", "aliases": [ "synthetic VIP", "RLF-100", "Zyesami" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) analog", "function": "Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor agonist", "context": "Synthetic form of human VIP investigated for respiratory conditions such as ARDS; a combination with phentolamine has approval in some markets for erectile dysfunction", "length_aa": 28, "sequence": "HSDAVFTDNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C147H237N43O43S", "average_mass_da": 3326.8, "reference_mass_da": 3326.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16132300", "iuphar_ligand_id": "10891", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "40077-57-4", "unii": "A67JUW790C" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Aviptadil (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10891", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132300", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10891" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132300" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 9, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-05-14", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/aviptadil" }, { "slug": "macimorelin", "name": "Macimorelin", "aliases": [ "Macrilen", "AEZS-130", "ghrelin receptor agonist" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Ghrelin receptor agonist (peptidomimetic)", "function": "Growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonist", "context": "FDA-approved oral diagnostic agent for adult growth hormone deficiency (prescription)", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C26H30N6O3", "average_mass_da": 474.6, "reference_mass_da": 474.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9804938", "iuphar_ligand_id": "9745", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL278623", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "381231-18-1", "unii": "8680B21W73" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Macimorelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9745", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9804938", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9745" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9804938" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 6, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2024-08-12", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/macimorelin" }, { "slug": "capromorelin", "name": "Capromorelin", "aliases": [ "Entyce", "Elura", "CP-424391" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Ghrelin receptor agonist (peptidomimetic)", "function": "Growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonist", "context": "FDA-approved for veterinary use as an appetite stimulant in dogs and cats; human development was discontinued", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C28H35N5O4", "average_mass_da": 505.6, "reference_mass_da": 505.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "216208", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "193273-66-4", "unii": "0MQ44VUN84" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Capromorelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/216208", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/216208" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/capromorelin" }, { "slug": "anamorelin", "name": "Anamorelin", "aliases": [ "ONO-7643", "RC-1291", "ghrelin receptor agonist" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Ghrelin receptor agonist (orally active)", "function": "Growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonist", "context": "Investigated for cancer-associated cachexia; the EMA declined marketing authorization in 2017 and it is not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C31H42N6O3", "average_mass_da": 546.7, "reference_mass_da": 546.7, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9828911", "iuphar_ligand_id": "14127", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL2110579", "drugbank_id": "DB06645", "cas_rn": "249921-19-5", "unii": "DD5RBA1NKF" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Anamorelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14127", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9828911", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14127" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9828911" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved medicine in at least one jurisdiction (IUPHAR record)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 11, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-06-18", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/anamorelin" }, { "slug": "relamorelin", "name": "Relamorelin", "aliases": [ "RM-131", "BIM-28131", "ghrelin receptor agonist" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Ghrelin receptor agonist (synthetic peptide analog)", "function": "Growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonist and prokinetic", "context": "Investigational for diabetic gastroparesis and related motility disorders; not an approved medicine and not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C43H50N8O5S", "average_mass_da": 791, "reference_mass_da": 791, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "44251769", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "661472-41-9", "unii": "BIW199E18V" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Relamorelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/44251769", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/44251769" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 13, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2021-12-22", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/relamorelin" }, { "slug": "tabimorelin", "name": "Tabimorelin", "aliases": [ "NN703", "ghrelin receptor agonist" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Ghrelin receptor agonist (orally active peptidomimetic)", "function": "Growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonist", "context": "Experimental oral GH secretagogue; never approved and not authorized by Health Canada", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C32H40N4O3", "average_mass_da": 528.7, "reference_mass_da": 528.7, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9810101", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "193079-69-5", "unii": "L51CBE03KF" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Tabimorelin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9810101", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9810101" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": null, "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": null, "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/tabimorelin" }, { "slug": "amycretin", "name": "Amycretin", "aliases": [ "NN9487", "NNC0487-0111", "GLP-1 / amylin co-agonist" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Unimolecular GLP-1 / amylin receptor co-agonist", "function": "Single peptide that activates both the GLP-1 receptor and amylin receptors", "context": "Investigational (Novo Nordisk) — once-weekly subcutaneous and once-daily oral formulations in clinical trials; not approved as of September 2026", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Not disclosed; described by Novo Nordisk as a single engineered peptide", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": "Supports once-weekly subcutaneous dosing; the oral formulation is dosed once daily", "receptors": "GLP-1 receptor and amylin receptors (calcitonin receptor + RAMP complexes) — a unimolecular co-agonist", "status": "Investigational (phase 2 results published 2025; later-phase trials under way). Not approved as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": "PHASE1", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2025-03-05", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-06" }, "sources": [ "curated" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/amycretin" }, { "slug": "kisspeptin", "name": "Kisspeptin", "aliases": [ "KISS1 peptide", "metastin", "kisspeptin-10 (fragment)", "KISS-1 metastasis suppressor" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide (hypothalamic)", "function": "Activates the kisspeptin receptor KISS1R (GPR54) on GnRH neurons to drive gonadotrophin release", "context": "Endogenous hormone; investigational in reproductive medicine (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypothalamic amenorrhoea, IVF oocyte maturation)", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Encoded by KISS1; shorter C-terminal fragments such as kisspeptin-10 retain receptor activity", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Kisspeptin receptor KISS1R (GPR54), a G-protein-coupled receptor on GnRH neurons", "status": "Endogenous hormone — not an approved product; investigational in reproductive medicine", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 36, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 5, "latest_update": "2026-08-26", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/kisspeptin" }, { "slug": "exenatide", "name": "Exenatide", "aliases": [ "AC 2993", "synthetic exendin-4", "Byetta / Bydureon (brands)" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "GLP-1 receptor agonist (exendin-4 class)", "function": "Mimics GLP-1: glucose-dependent insulin secretion, glucagon suppression, slowed gastric emptying, reduced appetite", "context": "Approved (FDA 2005, EMA 2006) for type 2 diabetes; once-weekly extended-release form approved 2017", "length_aa": 39, "sequence": "HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "H-His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2", "formula": "C184H282N50O60S", "average_mass_da": 4186.6, "reference_mass_da": 4186.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "45588096", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "141758-74-9", "unii": "9P1872D4OL" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Exenatide39-residue parent peptide amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Exenatide39-residue parent peptide amide", "fr": "Exénatide, peptide mère amidé de 39 résidus" }, "species": "Synthetic peptide identical in sequence to Heloderma suspectum exendin-4", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free L-histidyl amino terminus", "c": "L-serinamide (Ser39-NH2)" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The official BYETTA label defines the 39-residue exenatide sequence, Ser39 amidation and 4186.6 Da parent mass. Selected CID 45588096 supplies all37 stereocentres. The old linked CID omits every stereocentre.", "fr": "La notice officielle de BYETTA définit la séquence de 39 résidus de l’exénatide, l’amidation de Ser39 et la masse de 4186,6 Da. La fiche 45588096 précise les 37 centres stéréogènes. L’ancien identifiant ne précise aucun de ces centres." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "PubChem rounded average mass", "full InChI/InChIKey", "selected PubChem CID" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/45588096/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "expanded sequence", "backbone sequence", "termini and stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/45588096/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "CAS" ] }, { "label": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22EXENATIDE%22", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "preferred substance name", "UNII", "protein sequence reference" ] }, { "label": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=53d03c03-ebf7-418d-88a8-533eabd2ee4f", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "parent/form distinction", "sequence/chemical description", "termini", "formula/mass where explicitly stated" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG REST selected parent properties", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/178024,6450830,53396299,56927919,383414,448601,156588324,166567236,155817388,6918297,16132914,638793,155817470,16133850,16139342,90472060,71349,6918011,71364,6918173,27991,5311065,16130966,16130957,16132443,16135076,45588096/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,InChIKey,InChI,IsomericSMILES,IUPACName/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent biologic notation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/45588096/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "PubChem selected-parent identifiers with depositor attribution", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/45588096/JSON?heading=Other%20Identifiers" }, { "source": "NIH GSRS independently selected parent record", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances/search?q=root_names_name:%22EXENATIDE%22" }, { "source": "Official product label chemical description, selected parent distinguished from formulation", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=53d03c03-ebf7-418d-88a8-533eabd2ee4f" } ], "half_life": "≈ 2.4 h (terminal); peak plasma at ≈ 2.1 h after subcutaneous injection", "receptors": "GLP-1 receptor agonist; mimics endogenous GLP-1", "status": "Approved: FDA (2005), EMA (2006) for type 2 diabetes; extended-release once-weekly form (Bydureon BCise) FDA-approved October 2017", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 378, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 19, "latest_update": "2026-09-24", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/exenatide" }, { "slug": "leptin", "name": "Leptin", "aliases": [ "OB protein", "obese gene product", "LEP", "metreleptin (recombinant analogue)" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Adipocyte hormone (protein)", "function": "Signals energy stores from fat tissue to the brain; regulates food intake, body mass, reproduction and neuroendocrine function", "context": "Endogenous hormone; the recombinant analogue metreleptin is used in lipodystrophy, and leptin is investigational in anorexia nervosa", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "5015", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Leptin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5015", "observedAt": "2026-09-07" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-07", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-07", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5015" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Leptin receptor (LEPR), signalling through JAK2–STAT3 in hypothalamic and other neurons", "status": "Endogenous hormone; recombinant metreleptin used in lipodystrophy (compassionate-use and phase 2–3 programmes listed)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 258, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 36, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/leptin" }, { "slug": "myostatin", "name": "Myostatin", "aliases": [ "GDF-8", "growth differentiation factor 8", "MSTN" ], "category": "growth", "type": "TGF-β superfamily growth factor (protein)", "function": "Negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass; activates activin type II receptors (ACVR2B) and SMAD2/3 signalling", "context": "Endogenous protein; the therapeutic target of investigational anti-myostatin antibodies and receptor blockers, not a product itself", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "5025", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Myostatin (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5025", "observedAt": "2026-09-07" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-07", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-07", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5025" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Activin type II receptor ACVR2B (also ActRIIA); canonical SMAD2/3 signalling plus non-canonical pathways", "status": "Endogenous protein — a drug target, not a drug; anti-myostatin antibodies in phase 2–3 trials", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 35, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 12, "latest_update": "2026-09-24", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/myostatin" }, { "slug": "cosyntropin", "name": "Cosyntropin", "aliases": [ "tetracosactide", "ACTH(1-24)", "Cortrosyn / Synacthen (brands)", "tetracosapeptide" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Synthetic ACTH fragment", "function": "Full melanocortin-2 receptor agonist; stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol and other adrenocortical hormones", "context": "Approved (FDA 1970) as a diagnostic agent for adrenal insufficiency (cosyntropin stimulation test)", "length_aa": 24, "sequence": "SYSMEHFRWGKPVGKKRRPVKVYP", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C136H210N40O31S", "average_mass_da": 2933.4, "reference_mass_da": 2933.4, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16129617", "iuphar_ligand_id": "6965", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL2103784", "drugbank_id": "DB01284", "cas_rn": "16960-16-0", "unii": "72YY86EA29" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Residues 1–24 of human ACTH (the fully active N-terminal segment)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6965", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129617", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6965" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129617" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R) on adrenocortical cells — full agonist, equal in potency to native corticotropin", "status": "Approved: FDA (1970) as a diagnostic agent", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 41, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 7, "latest_update": "2026-08-13", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/cosyntropin" }, { "slug": "difelikefalin", "name": "Difelikefalin", "aliases": [ "CR845", "CR-845", "MR13A9", "Korsuva (brand)" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Synthetic D-amino-acid tetrapeptide (κ-opioid agonist)", "function": "Peripherally restricted, selective κ-opioid receptor agonist that suppresses itch signalling", "context": "Approved (FDA August 2021, EMA 2022) for moderate-to-severe pruritus in adults with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis", "length_aa": 4, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C36H53N7O6", "average_mass_da": 679.8, "reference_mass_da": 679.8, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "24794466", "iuphar_ligand_id": "9044", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1024828-77-0", "unii": "NA1U919MRO" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "D-Phe-D-Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys with a 4-amino-1-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid C-terminal cap (all-D configuration resists proteolysis)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9044", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24794466", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9044" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24794466" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "κ-opioid receptor (selective agonist), peripherally restricted — activates receptors on peripheral sensory nerves and immune cells", "status": "Approved: FDA (August 2021), EMA (2022) for CKD-associated pruritus in haemodialysis patients; oral programmes in other indications terminated", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 23, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-09-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/difelikefalin" }, { "slug": "zilucoplan", "name": "Zilucoplan", "aliases": [ "RA101495", "RA 101495", "Zilbrysq (brand)" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Synthetic macrocyclic peptide (complement C5 inhibitor)", "function": "Binds complement C5 and blocks its cleavage into C5a and C5b, preventing membrane attack complex formation", "context": "Approved (Japan September 2023; FDA October 2023; EMA December 2023) for acetylcholine-receptor-antibody-positive generalised myasthenia gravis", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C172H278N24O55", "average_mass_da": 3562, "reference_mass_da": 3562, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "133083018", "iuphar_ligand_id": "10404", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1841136-73-9", "unii": "YG391PK0CC" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Synthetic macrocyclic peptide; self-administered subcutaneously once daily at 0.3 mg/kg in trials", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10404", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/133083018", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10404" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/133083018" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Complement component C5 (binds C5 and blocks cleavage to C5a and C5b) — not a receptor ligand", "status": "Approved: Japan (September 2023), FDA (October 2023), EMA (December 2023) for AChR+ generalised myasthenia gravis; under review in Australia and Canada at first-approval publication", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 19, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 6, "latest_update": "2026-08-28", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/zilucoplan" }, { "slug": "icotrokinra", "name": "Icotrokinra", "aliases": [ "JNJ-77242113", "JNJ-2113", "PN-21235", "Icotyde (brand)" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Oral macrocyclic peptide (IL-23 receptor antagonist)", "function": "Selectively binds the interleukin-23 receptor and blocks IL-23 signalling", "context": "Approved (FDA, March 2026) for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis; phase 3 in psoriatic arthritis and ulcerative colitis, phase 2/3 in Crohn's disease", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C90H120N20O22S2", "average_mass_da": 1898.2, "reference_mass_da": 1898.2, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "162462321", "iuphar_ligand_id": "14181", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "2763602-16-8", "unii": "MUW8FP7HNZ" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Macrocyclic peptide with a disulfide bond between Val1 and Val6 and other non-natural modifications (IUPHAR record)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14181", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/162462321", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14181" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/162462321" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) — selective antagonist", "status": "Approved: FDA (March 2026) for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 4, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 4, "latest_update": "2026-09-25", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/icotrokinra" }, { "slug": "maridebart-cafraglutide", "name": "Maridebart cafraglutide", "aliases": [ "MariTide", "AMG 133", "AMG133" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Antibody–peptide conjugate (GIPR antagonist antibody + GLP-1 agonist peptides)", "function": "Blocks the GIP receptor with an antibody while activating the GLP-1 receptor with two conjugated peptides", "context": "Investigational (Amgen) — phase 3 MARITIME programme in obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular outcomes and sleep apnoea; once-monthly dosing", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "13316", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "2760218-55-9", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Monoclonal antibody scaffold with two attached GLP-1 agonist peptides; classified by IUPHAR as an antibody", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13316", "observedAt": "2026-09-07" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-07", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-07", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13316" } ], "half_life": "Supports once-monthly (every 4 weeks) or every-8-weeks dosing in phase 2", "receptors": "GIP receptor (antagonised by the antibody) and GLP-1 receptor (activated by the conjugated cafraglutide peptides)", "status": "Investigational: phase 3 MARITIME programme (obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular outcomes, obstructive sleep apnoea, switching from GLP-1 agonists); not approved as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 26, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 15, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/maridebart-cafraglutide" }, { "slug": "petrelintide", "name": "Petrelintide", "aliases": [ "ZP8396", "ZP-8396" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Long-acting lipidated amylin analogue (DACRA)", "function": "Dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist; satiety, slowed gastric emptying, glucagon suppression", "context": "Investigational (Zealand Pharma, partnered with Roche) — phase 2 in obesity and in overweight/obesity with type 2 diabetes", "length_aa": 36, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": "Aad = α-aminoadipic acid at position 15; Gly23 is N-methyl-glycine and Ile25 N-methyl-isoleucine; Hyp = 4-hydroxyproline amide at position 36", "modified_sequence": "(C20 diacid-γGlu)-E-R-D-G-T-A-T-K-A-T-E-R-L-A-[Aad]-F-L-Q-R-S-S-F-G-A-I-L-S-S-T-E-V-G-S-N-T-[Hyp]-NH2, with an amide bridge Asp3–Lys8 replacing amylin's Cys2–Cys7 disulfide", "formula": "C185H305N49O61", "average_mass_da": 4192, "reference_mass_da": 4192, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "172915807", "iuphar_ligand_id": "13804", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB19442", "cas_rn": "2766385-23-1", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human amylin analogue, 36 residues in the IUPHAR-deposited backbone, C-terminal amide", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13804", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/172915807", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13804" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/172915807" } ], "half_life": "≈ 10 days (phase 1)", "receptors": "Amylin receptors and the calcitonin receptor — a dual amylin/calcitonin receptor agonist (DACRA)", "status": "Investigational: phase 2 (obesity; overweight/obesity with type 2 diabetes); not approved as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 9, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 5, "latest_update": "2026-09-28", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/petrelintide" }, { "slug": "eloralintide", "name": "Eloralintide", "aliases": [ "LY3841136", "AT53786" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Selective long-acting amylin receptor agonist", "function": "Preferentially activates the amylin 1 receptor (AMY1R) over the calcitonin receptor to reduce food intake", "context": "Investigational (Eli Lilly) — phase 3 programme in obesity, obesity with type 2 diabetes, sleep apnoea, osteoarthritis pain and weight maintenance", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C201H319N49O65S2", "average_mass_da": 4526, "reference_mass_da": 4526, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "175663130", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "2883634-40-8", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Eloralintide (source record; form not independently established)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/175663130", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/175663130" } ], "half_life": "Pharmacokinetics support once-weekly subcutaneous dosing; exposure dose-proportional at steady state", "receptors": "Amylin receptors, AMY1R-preferring: 12-fold selectivity over the calcitonin receptor and 11-fold over AMY3R in human cell assays", "status": "Investigational: phase 3 (obesity, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnoea, knee osteoarthritis pain, weight maintenance); not approved as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 18, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 15, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/eloralintide" }, { "slug": "ecnoglutide", "name": "Ecnoglutide", "aliases": [ "XW003", "VRB-101 (oral formulation)", "econoglutide" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "cAMP-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist", "function": "Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist that preferentially drives cAMP signalling without promoting receptor internalisation", "context": "Approved in China (January 2026, type 2 diabetes; March 2026, chronic weight management); investigational elsewhere and as a weekly oral formulation", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C194H304N48O61", "average_mass_da": 4285, "reference_mass_da": 4285, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "162625103", "iuphar_ligand_id": "13970", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB19019", "cas_rn": "2459531-73-6", "unii": "KM6YM7L8LH" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human GLP-1 analogue with an alanine-to-valine substitution at position 8", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13970", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/162625103", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13970" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/162625103" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "GLP-1 receptor — cAMP-biased agonist (preferential cAMP signalling over β-arrestin recruitment; no receptor internalisation)", "status": "Approved in China: type 2 diabetes (January 2026), long-term weight management (March 2026). Not approved elsewhere as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 15, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 8, "latest_update": "2026-09-23", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ecnoglutide" }, { "slug": "dapiglutide", "name": "Dapiglutide", "aliases": [ "ZP7570", "ZP-7570" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Dual GLP-1 / GLP-2 receptor agonist", "function": "Activates the GLP-1 receptor (food intake, weight) and the GLP-2 receptor (gut barrier, intestinal adaptation)", "context": "Investigational (Zealand Pharma) — phase 2a in obesity did not reach significance; development paused in November 2025", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C192H302N46O57", "average_mass_da": 4167, "reference_mass_da": 4167, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "171934788", "iuphar_ligand_id": "14279", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB19182", "cas_rn": "2296814-85-0", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Peptidomimetic of GLP-1 and GLP-2, engineered for once-weekly subcutaneous dosing", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14279", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/171934788", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14279" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/171934788" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "GLP-1 receptor and GLP-2 receptor — dual agonist", "status": "Investigational; development paused November 2025 (IUPHAR record). Not approved anywhere", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 2, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2025-05-06", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/dapiglutide" }, { "slug": "dasiglucagon", "name": "Dasiglucagon", "aliases": [ "ZP4207", "ZP-GA-1", "Zegalogue" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Glucagon analogue", "function": "Glucagon receptor agonist engineered to stay soluble and stable in aqueous solution", "context": "Approved (US FDA, March 2021) for severe hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes aged 6 and over; also studied in congenital hyperinsulinism and closed-loop insulin systems", "length_aa": 29, "sequence": "HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDXARAEEFVKWLEST", "sequence_note": "X = Aib (α-aminoisobutyric acid) at position 16", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C152H222N38O50", "average_mass_da": 3381.6, "reference_mass_da": 3381.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "126961379", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1544300-84-6", "unii": "AD4J2O47FQ" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human glucagon (29 residues) with seven substitutions, one of them Aib16, selected for solubility and physical stability in aqueous formulation", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/126961379", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/126961379" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Glucagon receptor (GCGR), the same class B G-protein-coupled receptor activated by native glucagon", "status": "Approved: US FDA, March 2021 (severe hypoglycaemia, age ≥ 6). Supplied as autoinjector or prefilled syringe", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 21, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2026-08-03", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/dasiglucagon" }, { "slug": "glepaglutide", "name": "Glepaglutide", "aliases": [ "ZP1848", "ZP-1848" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "GLP-2 analogue", "function": "Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor agonist that promotes intestinal adaptation and absorption", "context": "Investigational — phase 3 for short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure; the US FDA declined approval in 2024 and further phase 3 trials are under way", "length_aa": 39, "sequence": "HGEGTFSSELATILDALAARDFIAWLIATKITDKKKKKK", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C197H325N53O55", "average_mass_da": 4316, "reference_mass_da": 4316, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "146170995", "iuphar_ligand_id": "10885", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "914009-86-2", "unii": "4M3C1913N6" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human GLP-2 (33 residues; HADGSFSDEMNTILDNLAARDFINWLIQTKITD) with substitutions for enzymatic stability plus a C-terminal hexa-lysine (KKKKKK) extension; C-terminal lysine amidated", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10885", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/146170995", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10885" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/146170995" } ], "half_life": "Effective half-life ≈ 124 h (5 mg) and ≈ 88 h (10 mg) after subcutaneous dosing, driven by slow release of two active metabolites from a subcutaneous depot (Agersnap et al. 2022)", "receptors": "GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R)", "status": "Investigational (phase 3). US FDA declined approval in 2024; phase 3 trials recruiting and active as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 9, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/glepaglutide" }, { "slug": "apraglutide", "name": "Apraglutide", "aliases": [ "FE 203799", "FE-203799" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "GLP-2 analogue", "function": "Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor agonist designed for once-weekly dosing", "context": "Investigational — phase 3 for short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure; a graft-versus-host disease trial was terminated", "length_aa": 33, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C172H263N43O52", "average_mass_da": 3765, "reference_mass_da": 3765, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "155559189", "iuphar_ligand_id": "10685", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1295353-98-8", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human GLP-2 (33 residues) with four substitutions: Ala2→Gly, Met10→Ahx (aminocaproic acid), Asn11→D-Phe, Asn16→Leu", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10685", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/155559189", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10685" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/155559189" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R)", "status": "Investigational (phase 3, short bowel syndrome). Not approved as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 10, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-08-04", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/apraglutide" }, { "slug": "pegcetacoplan", "name": "Pegcetacoplan", "aliases": [ "APL-2", "Empaveli", "Syfovre", "compstatin-derived C3 inhibitor" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "PEGylated cyclic peptide (complement C3 inhibitor)", "function": "Binds complement protein C3 and C3b, blocking the central step of all three complement pathways", "context": "Approved (EMA and FDA, 2021) for paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria; also studied in geographic atrophy, C3 glomerulopathy and immune-complex MPGN", "length_aa": 13, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "13826", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "2019171-69-6", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Two identical 13-residue cyclic peptides, Ac-Ile-Cys(1)-Val-(Me)Trp-Gln-Asp-Trp-Gly-Ala-His-Cys(1)-Thr-NH2 (disulfide-cyclised), each attached at its amidated C-terminus to a 40 kDa linear PEG", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13826", "observedAt": "2026-09-07" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-07", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-07", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13826" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "No receptor — a protein–protein inhibitor. Binds complement C3 and its activation fragment C3b, preventing C3 cleavage by C3 convertases", "status": "Approved: EMA and FDA, 2021 (paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria). Orphan designations for C3 glomerulopathy, immune-complex MPGN, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and ALS", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 34, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 12, "latest_update": "2026-09-09", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/pegcetacoplan" }, { "slug": "motixafortide", "name": "Motixafortide", "aliases": [ "BL-8040", "BKT140", "TF14016", "4F-benzoyl-TN14003", "Aphexda" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "CXCR4 antagonist peptide", "function": "Blocks the chemokine receptor CXCR4 to release haematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow into the blood", "context": "Approved (US FDA, September 2023) with filgrastim for stem-cell mobilisation before autologous transplantation in multiple myeloma; investigational in pancreatic cancer, AML and sickle cell disease", "length_aa": 14, "sequence": "RRXCYXKKPYRXCR", "sequence_note": "X = non-canonical residue in the IUPHAR one-letter record (the peptide carries a 4-fluorobenzoyl N-terminal group and modified residues)", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C97H144FN33O19S2", "average_mass_da": 2159.5, "reference_mass_da": 2159.5, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "91865076", "iuphar_ligand_id": "10679", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "664334-36-5", "unii": "DA9G065962" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "14-residue polypeptide modified from a naturally occurring horseshoe crab protein, with a Cys–Cys disulfide; N-terminally 4-fluorobenzoylated (synonym 4F-benzoyl-TN14003)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10679", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/91865076", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=10679" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/91865076" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "CXCR4 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4); acts as an inverse agonist in [35S]GTPγS binding assays (IUPHAR record)", "status": "Approved: US FDA, 11 September 2023, with filgrastim for HSC mobilisation in multiple myeloma. Orphan drug designations held", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 10, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 6, "latest_update": "2026-09-21", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/motixafortide" }, { "slug": "vosoritide", "name": "Vosoritide", "aliases": [ "BMN 111", "BMN-111", "Voxzogo" ], "category": "growth", "type": "C-type natriuretic peptide analogue", "function": "Natriuretic peptide receptor B agonist that counteracts over-active FGFR3 signalling in growth-plate cartilage", "context": "Approved (EMA, August 2021; FDA, 2021) for achondroplasia in children; investigational in hypochondroplasia, Noonan syndrome and other genetic short-stature conditions", "length_aa": 39, "sequence": "PGQEHPNARKYKGANKKGLSKGCFGLKLDRIGSMSGLGC", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C176H290N56O51S3", "average_mass_da": 4103, "reference_mass_da": 4103, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "119058036", "iuphar_ligand_id": "9068", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1480724-61-5", "unii": "7SE5582Q2P" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "The 37 C-terminal residues of human C-type natriuretic peptide with Pro-Gly added at the N-terminus; disulfide bridge between residues 23 and 39", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9068", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/119058036", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=9068" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/119058036" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B / guanylyl cyclase B), the receptor for endogenous CNP", "status": "Approved: EMA, August 2021; US FDA, 2021 (achondroplasia). Orphan drug status in both jurisdictions", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 17, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 12, "latest_update": "2026-09-24", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/vosoritide" }, { "slug": "trofinetide", "name": "Trofinetide", "aliases": [ "NNZ-2566", "ACP-2566", "Daybue", "glycyl-2-methyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "IGF-1 N-terminal tripeptide analogue", "function": "Synthetic analogue of glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE), the N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1, with neuroprotective activity", "context": "Approved (US FDA, March 2023) as the first treatment for Rett syndrome in patients aged 2 and older; earlier studied in fragile X syndrome and traumatic brain injury", "length_aa": 3, "sequence": "GXE", "sequence_note": "X = 2-methyl-L-proline (the proline of GPE with an added α-methyl group)", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C13H21N3O6", "average_mass_da": 315.32, "reference_mass_da": 315.32, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "11318905", "iuphar_ligand_id": "12482", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL197084", "drugbank_id": "DB06045", "cas_rn": "853400-76-7", "unii": "Z2ME8F52QL" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Glycine–(2-methyl)proline–glutamate: the IGF-1 N-terminal tripeptide GPE with a methylated proline", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=12482", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11318905", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=12482" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11318905" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Approved: US FDA, March 2023 (Rett syndrome, age ≥ 2). First drug approved for the condition", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 14, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-07-28", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/trofinetide" }, { "slug": "bulevirtide", "name": "Bulevirtide", "aliases": [ "Hepcludex", "Myrcludex B", "bulevirtide acetate" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Lipopeptide viral entry inhibitor", "function": "Blocks the NTCP bile-acid transporter that hepatitis B and D viruses use to enter liver cells", "context": "Approved (EMA, 2020; UK, 2021; US FDA, May 2026) for chronic hepatitis D virus infection with compensated liver disease", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C248H355N65O72", "average_mass_da": 5399, "reference_mass_da": 5399, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "134687648", "iuphar_ligand_id": "12775", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "2012558-47-1", "unii": "WKM56H3TLB" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Peptide derived from the pre-S1 domain of the HBV large surface protein (HBsAg), lipidated to anchor at the hepatocyte membrane (IUPHAR record)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=12775", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/134687648", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=12775" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/134687648" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "No receptor — binds the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP, SLC10A1) on hepatocytes, the entry receptor for HBV and HDV", "status": "Approved: EMA, 2020 (chronic HDV with compensated liver disease); UK MHRA, 2021; US FDA, May 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 25, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 13, "latest_update": "2026-09-18", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/bulevirtide" }, { "slug": "aprotinin", "name": "Aprotinin", "aliases": [ "BPTI", "bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor", "Trasylol", "Antilysine" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor", "function": "Inhibits plasmin, trypsin, chymotrypsin and kallikrein; reduces fibrinolysis and bleeding", "context": "Approved (US FDA, 1993) as an antifibrinolytic to reduce bleeding and transfusion in cardiac surgery; withdrawn from the US market in 2008 over safety questions, later re-examined", "length_aa": 58, "sequence": "RPDFCLEPPYTGPCKARIIRYFYNAKAGLCQTFVYGGCRAKRNNFKSAEDCMRTCGGA", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C284H432N84O79S7", "average_mass_da": 6511, "reference_mass_da": 6511, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16130295", "iuphar_ligand_id": "6570", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": "DB06692", "cas_rn": "9087-70-1", "unii": "04XPW8C0FL" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "58-residue single-chain polypeptide, the classic Kunitz-domain protease inhibitor (BPTI), stabilised by three disulfide bonds", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6570", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16130295", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6570" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16130295" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "No receptor — a competitive inhibitor of serine proteases including plasmin, trypsin, chymotrypsin and kallikrein", "status": "Approved: US FDA, 1993 (reduction of perioperative blood loss in cardiac surgery). Withdrawn from the US market in 2008; a 2026 phase 3 trial in ARDS is recruiting", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 33, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-07-15", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/aprotinin" }, { "slug": "desirudin", "name": "Desirudin", "aliases": [ "CGP 39393", "Iprivask", "Revasc", "recombinant hirudin", "63-desulfohirudin" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Direct thrombin inhibitor (recombinant hirudin)", "function": "Competitive, reversible inhibitor of free and fibrin-bound thrombin", "context": "Approved (FDA; first DTI approved in Europe for DVT prophylaxis) to prevent deep vein thrombosis after hip replacement surgery; no longer marketed in the United States", "length_aa": 65, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C287H440N80O110S6", "average_mass_da": 6963, "reference_mass_da": 6963, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16129703", "iuphar_ligand_id": "6458", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201662", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "120993-53-5", "unii": "U0JZ726775" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "65-residue recombinant hirudin variant HV1 with three disulfide bridges (6–14, 16–28, 22–39); lacks the sulfated Tyr63 of natural hirudin", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6458", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129703", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6458" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16129703" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "No receptor — binds the active site and exosite of thrombin directly (competitive, reversible inhibition)", "status": "Approved (US FDA; Europe as Revasc) for DVT prophylaxis in hip replacement. No longer marketed in the United States per the LactMed record", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 11, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-06-03", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/desirudin" }, { "slug": "sovateltide", "name": "Sovateltide", "aliases": [ "IRL-1620", "PMZ-1620", "SPI-1620", "Tycamzzi" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Endothelin-1 fragment analogue", "function": "Selective endothelin-B (ETB) receptor agonist proposed to promote neuronal and vascular repair after ischaemia", "context": "Approved (India CDSCO, May 2023) for acute cerebral ischaemic stroke within 24 hours of onset; investigational in hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and spinal cord injury; not approved by the FDA, EMA or Health Canada", "length_aa": 14, "sequence": "DEEAVYFAHLDIIW", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "Suc-Asp-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Tyr-Phe-Ala-His-Leu-Asp-Ile-Ile-Trp-OH", "formula": "C86H117N17O27", "average_mass_da": 1820.9, "reference_mass_da": 1820.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16130933", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "142569-99-1", "unii": "11X778QIZS" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Sovateltide (IRL-1620), N-succinyl free peptide", "formLabels": { "en": "Sovateltide (IRL-1620), N-succinyl free peptide", "fr": "Sovateltide (IRL-1620), peptide libre N-succinylé" }, "species": "Synthetic endothelin-1 analogue; not a natural species-specific peptide", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "N-succinyl-Asp", "c": "Trp free carboxylic acid" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "The original1992 synthesis paper names the N-alpha-succinyl analogue and its substitutions. GSRS explicitly defines the14-residue sequence and N-succinyl Asp1. PubChem16130933 and16133819 have exactly identical full standard InChI; their imidazole naming variation is not a molecular-form disagreement. This estimated attribute differs from the explicit N-succinyl chemical structure and is not used. PubChemC86H117N17O27 matches independent atom accounting. GSRS rounded sequence mass1821 is treated only as approximate, not substituted for1820.9.", "fr": "La référence est le peptide parent sovateltide, avec ses modifications terminales et ses résidus définis. Les CID comparés décrivent la même structure. La chaîne en lettres ne suffit pas pour calculer cette molécule modifiée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 16130933", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "referenceMassDa", "massBasis", "InChI", "InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 16130933", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16130933/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "expandedSequence", "length", "termini", "modifications", "stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII 11X778QIZS", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/11X778QIZS?view=full", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "length", "N-succinyl modification", "unii", "cas" ] }, { "label": "Original IRL-1620 synthesis and receptor study (1992)", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1315540/", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "N-succinylation", "analogue form", "substitutions" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 16130933", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 16130933", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16130933/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII 11X778QIZS", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/11X778QIZS?view=full" }, { "source": "Original IRL-1620 synthesis and receptor study (1992)", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1315540/" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Endothelin-B receptor (ETB), selective over ETA", "status": "Approved: India CDSCO, May 2023 (acute cerebral ischaemic stroke). Phase 3 recruiting elsewhere; not approved by FDA, EMA or Health Canada as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 10, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 4, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/sovateltide" }, { "slug": "pentagastrin", "name": "Pentagastrin", "aliases": [ "Peptavlon", "ICI 50123", "Boc-β-Ala-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Synthetic gastrin analogue (diagnostic peptide)", "function": "Cholecystokinin-B / gastrin receptor agonist that stimulates gastric acid secretion", "context": "Approved (US FDA, 1974) as a diagnostic aid for evaluating gastric acid secretory function; also used experimentally as a panic-provocation challenge", "length_aa": 5, "sequence": "XWMDF", "sequence_note": "X positions 1: N-Boc beta-alanine; not alpha-alanine", "modified_sequence": "Boc-bAla-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2", "formula": "C37H49N7O9S", "average_mass_da": 767.894, "reference_mass_da": 767.894, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "9853654", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "5534-95-2", "unii": "EF0NX91490" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Pentagastrin, Boc-beta-Ala1 and Phe5-amide", "formLabels": { "en": "Pentagastrin, Boc-beta-Ala1 and Phe5-amide", "fr": "Pentagastrine, Boc-bêta-Ala1 et Phe5-amide" }, "species": "Synthetic gastrin analogue; not a species-derived natural peptide", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "N-tert-butoxycarbonyl beta-alanine (Boc-beta-Ala)", "c": "Phe carboxamide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "GSRS structure, full standard InChI and PUBCHEM code match CID9853654. Its structure explicitly contains tert-butoxycarbonyl on beta-alanine and four specified L-amino-acid centers; GSRS reports average molecular weight767.894. NLM MeSH nomenclature independently identifies the1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl-beta-alanyl chain. Its IUPAC structure contains2-methylpropoxycarbonyl (isobutoxycarbonyl), a different constitutional group from2-methylpropan-2-yloxycarbonyl (tert-butoxycarbonyl/Boc). The same formula and mass do not make these identical. Its standard InChIKeyALXRNCVIQSDJAO-KRCBVYEFSA-N differs in the connectivity block.", "fr": "La référence est la pentagastrine avec groupement Boc et amide C-terminal. Le CID alternatif portant un groupement isobutoxycarbonyle décrit une autre structure et est exclu." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 9853654", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "referenceMassDa", "massBasis", "InChI", "InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 9853654", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/9853654/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "expandedSequence", "length", "termini", "modifications", "stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII EF0NX91490", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/EF0NX91490?view=full", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "averageMassDa", "Boc constitutional structure", "full stereochemistry", "unii", "cas", "pubchemCid" ] }, { "label": "NLM MeSH Pentagastrin2026 descriptor", "url": "https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?dcmsLinks=true&ui=D010418", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "Boc-beta-Ala nomenclature", "L-amino acid chain", "Phe-amide", "unii", "cas" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 9853654", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 9853654", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/9853654/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII EF0NX91490", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/EF0NX91490?view=full" }, { "source": "NLM MeSH Pentagastrin2026 descriptor", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?dcmsLinks=true&ui=D010418" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Cholecystokinin-B (CCK-B / gastrin) receptor, inferred from its gastrin-like action; IUPHAR notes no human affinity data were located", "status": "Approved: US FDA, 1974 (diagnostic aid for gastric acid secretory function)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 7, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2026-08-31", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/pentagastrin" }, { "slug": "edotreotide", "name": "Edotreotide", "aliases": [ "DOTATOC", "SMT 487", "SMT-487", "68Ga-DOTATOC", "177Lu-edotreotide" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "DOTA-conjugated somatostatin analogue (radiopharmaceutical carrier)", "function": "Somatostatin receptor agonist that carries a radionuclide to somatostatin-receptor-positive tumours for imaging (gallium-68) or therapy (lutetium-177)", "context": "Approved (EMA, 2016) as gallium-68 edotreotide for PET imaging of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours; lutetium-177 edotreotide in phase 3 for therapy", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C65H92N14O18S2", "average_mass_da": 1421.6, "reference_mass_da": 1421.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "158782", "iuphar_ligand_id": "5638", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "204318-14-9", "unii": "U194AS08HZ" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Somatostatin analogue peptide (octreotide family) with the macrocyclic chelator DOTA attached for radiometal binding", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5638", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/158782", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5638" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/158782" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Somatostatin receptors (SSTR), particularly SSTR2, which are over-expressed on neuroendocrine tumours", "status": "Approved: EMA, 2016 (68Ga-edotreotide for PET imaging of GEP-NETs). 177Lu-edotreotide in phase 3 (COMPETE, LEVEL)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 75, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 26, "latest_update": "2026-09-25", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/edotreotide" }, { "slug": "etelcalcetide", "name": "Etelcalcetide", "aliases": [ "AMG 416", "AMG-416", "KAI-4169", "velcalcetide", "Parsabiv" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Peptide calcimimetic", "function": "Agonist of the calcium-sensing receptor that lowers parathyroid hormone secretion", "context": "Approved (EMA, 2016; US FDA, February 2017) for secondary hyperparathyroidism in adults with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": "CARRRAR", "sequence_note": "Backbone residues are D-amino acids; the N-terminal D-cysteine is disulfide-bonded to a separate L-cysteine", "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C38H73N21O10S2", "average_mass_da": 1048.3, "reference_mass_da": 1048.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "71511839", "iuphar_ligand_id": "8375", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL3545184", "drugbank_id": "DB12865", "cas_rn": "1262780-97-1", "unii": "60ME133FJB" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Ac-D-Cys-D-Ala-D-Arg-D-Arg-D-Arg-D-Ala-D-Arg-NH2, with the D-cysteine joined by a disulfide to an L-cysteine", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=8375", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71511839", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=8375" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71511839" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a class C G-protein-coupled receptor; direct peptidic agonist, distinct from the allosteric modulator cinacalcet", "status": "Approved: EMA, 2016; US FDA, February 2017 (secondary hyperparathyroidism in adults with CKD on haemodialysis); also approved in Japan", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 23, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 3, "latest_update": "2026-08-21", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/etelcalcetide" }, { "slug": "palopegteriparatide", "name": "Palopegteriparatide", "aliases": [ "TransCon PTH", "Yorvipath", "PTH(1-34) prodrug" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "PEGylated parathyroid hormone prodrug", "function": "Sustained release of active PTH(1-34) — replaces parathyroid hormone in hypoparathyroidism", "context": "Approved PTH replacement therapy for chronic hypoparathyroidism in adults (EMA 2023, FDA 2024)", "length_aa": 34, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "13484", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "2222514-07-8", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Amino acids 1–34 of mature human parathyroid hormone (84 aa), N-terminally PEGylated", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13484", "observedAt": "2026-09-07" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-07", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-07", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13484" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "PTH1 receptor (via released PTH(1-34)); the intact prodrug is inactive at the receptor", "status": "Approved: EMA (2023), FDA (2024) for chronic hypoparathyroidism in adults", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 9, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 6, "latest_update": "2026-09-30", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/palopegteriparatide" }, { "slug": "protirelin", "name": "Protirelin (TRH)", "aliases": [ "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone", "TRH", "Thyroliberin", "pGlu-His-Pro-NH2" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Hypothalamic releasing hormone (tripeptide)", "function": "Stimulates release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary via the TRH receptor", "context": "Approved diagnostic agent (FDA 1976) for testing pituitary function in thyroid disorders; also used for spinocerebellar degeneration in some markets", "length_aa": 3, "sequence": "XHP", "sequence_note": "X = pyroglutamate (pGlu) at position 1; the C-terminus is amidated", "modified_sequence": "pGlu-His-Pro-NH2", "formula": "C16H22N6O4", "average_mass_da": 362.38, "reference_mass_da": 362.38, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "638678", "iuphar_ligand_id": "2139", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1472", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "24305-27-9", "unii": "5Y5F15120W" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human TRH, 3 residues, identical in human, mouse and rat", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2139", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/638678", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=2139" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/638678" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "TRH receptor (TRHR) on anterior pituitary thyrotrophs and lactotrophs", "status": "Approved: FDA (1976), diagnostic use", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 15, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2023-02-21", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/protirelin" }, { "slug": "calcitonin-salmon", "name": "Calcitonin (salmon)", "aliases": [ "Salmon calcitonin", "sCT", "Calcitonin salmon injection" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Calcitonin-family hormone (fish-derived analogue)", "function": "Calcitonin receptor agonist — lowers serum calcium and inhibits osteoclast bone resorption", "context": "Approved therapeutic for over 30 years (FDA); used for hypercalcaemia of malignancy and, historically, postmenopausal osteoporosis", "length_aa": 32, "sequence": "CSNLSTCVLGKLSQELHKLQTYPRTNTGSGTP", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "C-S-N-L-S-T-C-V-L-G-K-L-S-Q-E-L-H-K-L-Q-T-Y-P-R-T-N-T-G-S-G-T-P-NH2, with a Cys1–Cys7 disulfide bridge", "formula": "C145H240N44O48S2", "average_mass_da": 3431.9, "reference_mass_da": 3431.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16220016", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "135506-95-5", "unii": "7SFC6U2VI5" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Salmon calcitonin, 32 residues", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Prolinamide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16220016", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16220016" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Calcitonin receptor (CTR); the same receptor family that, with RAMPs, forms amylin receptors", "status": "Approved (FDA) — hypercalcaemia of malignancy; osteoporosis use has declined", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 153, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 25, "latest_update": "2026-09-30", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/calcitonin-salmon" }, { "slug": "seractide", "name": "Seractide (human ACTH 1-39)", "aliases": [ "Seractide acetate", "Corticotropin human", "ACTH (1-39), human" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Adrenocorticotropic hormone (full-length human)", "function": "Full-length human corticotropin — stimulates adrenal cortex steroid release; historically used to control infantile myoclonic seizures", "context": "Formerly approved (FDA 1978, NDA 017861) as a repository injectable corticotropin; discontinued and no longer on the FDA current drug list", "length_aa": 39, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C207H308N56O58S", "average_mass_da": 4541, "reference_mass_da": 4541, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "90488848", "iuphar_ligand_id": "6966", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201489", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "12279-41-3", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Full-length human ACTH, 39 residues, as the acetate salt", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6966", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/90488848", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6966" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/90488848" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Discontinued; formerly FDA-approved (1978, NDA 017861)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/seractide" }, { "slug": "navepegritide", "name": "Navepegritide", "aliases": [ "TransCon CNP", "Yuviwel", "CNP(1-38) prodrug" ], "category": "growth", "type": "PEGylated C-type natriuretic peptide prodrug", "function": "Sustained release of a CNP analogue to counterbalance over-active FGFR3 signalling in growth plates", "context": "Approved (FDA accelerated approval, February 2026) to increase linear growth in children ≥2 years with achondroplasia and open epiphyses", "length_aa": 38, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "14293", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "C-type natriuretic peptide (1-38) analogue, PEGylated through a cleavable linker", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14293", "observedAt": "2026-09-07" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-07", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-07", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14293" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) via released CNP analogue", "status": "Approved: FDA accelerated approval (February 2026), achondroplasia in children ≥2 years with open epiphyses; under investigation in hypochondroplasia", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 5, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 3, "latest_update": "2026-07-14", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/navepegritide" }, { "slug": "bevifibatide", "name": "Bevifibatide", "aliases": [ "Batifiban", "BAT-2094", "Betagrin" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Cyclic RGD heptapeptide (integrin antagonist)", "function": "Antagonist of the αIIbβ3 (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) and αvβ3 integrin receptors — inhibits platelet aggregation", "context": "Approved in China (NMPA, 25 June 2024) for acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention; investigational in acute ischaemic stroke", "length_aa": 7, "sequence": "CRGDWPC", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "N2-(3-mercaptopropionyl)-R-G-D-W-P-C-NH2, cyclised by a disulfide between the mercaptopropionyl group and Cys7", "formula": "C34H47N11O9S2", "average_mass_da": 817.9, "reference_mass_da": 817.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "71556891", "iuphar_ligand_id": "13953", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "710312-77-9", "unii": "7AKM76YKN5" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Cyclic heptapeptide (CRGDWPC) containing the Arg-Gly-Asp integrin-recognition motif", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13953", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71556891", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=13953" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71556891" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "αIIbβ3 integrin (GP IIb/IIIa) and αvβ3 integrin — antagonist", "status": "Approved in China (NMPA, June 2024) for ACS with PCI; not approved in the US, Canada or EU as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 1, "highest_phase": "PHASE2", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2025-07-17", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/bevifibatide" }, { "slug": "anrikefon", "name": "Anrikefon", "aliases": [ "HSK21542", "peripheral kappa opioid receptor agonist" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Peripherally restricted κ-opioid receptor agonist (D-amino-acid tetrapeptide)", "function": "Selective peripheral κ-opioid receptor agonist — analgesic and anti-pruritic without central opioid effects", "context": "Approved in China (NMPA, 2025) for mild-to-moderate pain after abdominal surgery; phase 3 completed in chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus", "length_aa": 4, "sequence": "FFLK", "sequence_note": "All four residues are D-amino acids; the C-terminal lysine is coupled to a 2-acetyl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane cap", "modified_sequence": "D-Phe-D-Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys-(2-acetyl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonan-7-yl)", "formula": "C39H57N7O5", "average_mass_da": 703.9, "reference_mass_da": 703.9, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "137433038", "iuphar_ligand_id": "14403", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL5095089", "drugbank_id": "DB21529", "cas_rn": "2269511-95-5", "unii": "22SCY98BXV" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Tetrapeptide of D-amino acids with a non-peptidic C-terminal cap", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14403", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/137433038", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=14403" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/137433038" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "κ-opioid receptor (KOR), peripherally restricted; selective over μ and δ", "status": "Approved in China (NMPA, 2025) for postoperative pain; phase 3 in CKD-associated pruritus; not approved in the US, Canada or EU as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 13, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 12, "latest_update": "2026-09-22", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/anrikefon" }, { "slug": "ecallantide", "name": "Ecallantide", "aliases": [ "DX-88", "Kalbitor", "EPI-KAL-2" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Recombinant plasma kallikrein inhibitor (Kunitz-domain peptide)", "function": "Potent, selective, reversible inhibitor of human plasma kallikrein — blocks bradykinin generation", "context": "Approved (FDA 2009) for acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in patients aged 12 and older", "length_aa": 60, "sequence": "EAMHSFCAFKADDGPCRAAHPRWFFNIFTRQCEEFIYGGCEGNQNRFESLEECKKMCTRD", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C305H442N88O91S8", "average_mass_da": 7054, "reference_mass_da": 7054, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "44152182", "iuphar_ligand_id": "6955", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201837", "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "460738-38-9", "unii": "5Q6TZN2HNM" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "60-residue Kunitz-type inhibitor domain (recombinant, yeast-expressed); six cysteines forming three disulfides", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6955", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/44152182", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6955" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/44152182" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Enzyme target: plasma kallikrein (KLKB1) — reversible inhibitor, not a receptor ligand", "status": "Approved: FDA (2009) for acute HAE attacks, ages ≥16; extended to ≥12 in 2014. Carries a boxed anaphylaxis warning and a REMS programme", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 13, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2023-03-31", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/ecallantide" }, { "slug": "lepirudin", "name": "Lepirudin", "aliases": [ "Refludan", "HBW-023", "[Leu1, Thr2]-63-desulfohirudin", "recombinant hirudin" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Recombinant hirudin (direct thrombin inhibitor)", "function": "Binds thrombin directly and blocks its cleavage of fibrinogen — anticoagulant", "context": "Formerly approved (FDA 1998) as an anticoagulant for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; discontinued (not withdrawn) and no longer marketed in the United States", "length_aa": 65, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "L-V-Y-T-D-C-T-E-S-G-Q-N-L-C-L-C-E-G-S-N-V-C-G-Q-G-N-K-C-I-L-G-S-D-G-E-K-N-Q-C-V-T-G-E-G-T-P-K-P-Q-S-H-N-D-G-D-F-E-E-I-P-E-E-Y-L-Q (65 residues; three disulfides among the six cysteines)", "formula": "C287H440N80O111S6", "average_mass_da": 6979, "reference_mass_da": 6979, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "118856773", "iuphar_ligand_id": "6469", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "138068-37-8", "unii": "Y43GF64R34" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Hirudin variant from Hirudo medicinalis, recombinant; I1L substitution and desulfated Tyr63", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6469", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/118856773", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6469" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/118856773" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Enzyme target: thrombin (direct, bivalent inhibitor) — not a receptor ligand", "status": "Discontinued (not withdrawn); formerly FDA-approved (1998). No longer marketed in the US", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 9, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": "2023-05-06", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-07" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-07", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/lepirudin" }, { "slug": "pentadeca-arginate", "name": "Pentadeca arginate (PDA)", "aliases": [ "PDA", "PDA peptide", "BPC-157 arginate", "pentadecapeptide arginate" ], "category": "recovery", "type": "Research compound — salt form of a 15-residue synthetic peptide", "function": "Marketed as the arginate salt of BPC-157; no receptor or mechanism has been established for the salt itself", "context": "Research compound, not approved anywhere; no indexed literature exists under this name", "length_aa": 15, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Described by sellers as the 15-residue BPC-157 sequence with arginine as the salt counter-ion", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Not approved anywhere; no regulatory or registry record exists under this name (September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-08" }, "sources": [ "curated" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/pentadeca-arginate" }, { "slug": "follistatin", "name": "Follistatin 344", "aliases": [ "FST", "FST344", "follistatin", "activin-binding protein", "FSH-suppressing protein" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Secreted glycoprotein (activin-binding protein)", "function": "Binds and neutralises TGF-β superfamily ligands, above all activin and myostatin", "context": "Endogenous protein; investigational as gene therapy in muscle-wasting conditions; no approved follistatin product exists", "length_aa": 344, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": "4933", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "Single-chain secreted glycoprotein encoded by the human FST gene (UniProt P19883); crystal structure deposited as PDB 2B0U", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4933", "observedAt": "2026-09-08" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-09-08", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-09-08", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4933" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "No receptor of its own: acts as a soluble binding protein that sequesters activin, myostatin and other TGF-β superfamily ligands", "status": "Endogenous protein; no approved therapeutic product (September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-08" }, "sources": [ "curated", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/follistatin" }, { "slug": "vilon", "name": "Vilon", "aliases": [ "Lys-Glu", "KE dipeptide", "AB-0", "lysyl-glutamic acid" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Synthetic dipeptide (Khavinson bioregulator)", "function": "Studied as an immunomodulating and “geroprotective” peptide in rodents and cell culture", "context": "Research compound, not approved anywhere; no registered clinical trials", "length_aa": 2, "sequence": "KE", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C11H21N3O5", "average_mass_da": 275.3, "reference_mass_da": 275.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "7010502", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "45234-02-4", "unii": "H34V7IM5ML" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "L-lysyl-L-glutamic acid, a linear dipeptide", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/7010502", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/7010502" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": null, "status": "Research compound; not approved anywhere and no registered clinical trial (September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-08" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/vilon" }, { "slug": "foxo4-dri", "name": "FOXO4-DRI", "aliases": [ "FOXO4 D-retro-inverso peptide", "FOXO4-DRI TFA", "Proxofim" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Cell-permeable D-retro-inverso senolytic peptide", "function": "Disrupts the FOXO4–p53 interaction in senescent cells, releasing p53 to trigger apoptosis", "context": "Investigational preclinical compound; no registered clinical trial and not approved anywhere", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C228H388N86O64", "average_mass_da": 5358, "reference_mass_da": 5358, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "167312269", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "2460055-10-9", "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "D-retro-inverso peptide — D-amino acids assembled in reverse order to mimic the native L-peptide surface while resisting proteolysis; includes a cell-penetrating segment", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/167312269", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/167312269" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "No receptor: an intracellular protein–protein interaction inhibitor targeting the FOXO4 binding site on p53's transactivation domain", "status": "Preclinical; no registered clinical trial and not approved anywhere (September 2026)", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 0, "highest_phase": null, "active_in_latest_100": 0, "latest_update": null, "snapshot_date": "2026-09-08" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/foxo4-dri" }, { "slug": "nesiritide", "name": "Nesiritide", "aliases": [ "recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide", "rhBNP", "Natrecor (brand)", "brain natriuretic peptide (recombinant)" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Recombinant natriuretic peptide (natriuretic peptide receptor-A agonist)", "function": "Activates the guanylate cyclase receptor NPR-A, raising cGMP in vascular smooth muscle to dilate veins and arteries and promote diuresis", "context": "Approved (FDA, 2001) as an intravenous vasodilator for acutely decompensated heart failure; use fell sharply after safety meta-analyses and a large neutral trial", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C143H244N50O42S4", "average_mass_da": 3464, "reference_mass_da": 3464, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "71308561", "iuphar_ligand_id": "4890", "chembl_id": "CHEMBL1201668", "drugbank_id": "DB04899", "cas_rn": "124584-08-3", "unii": "P7WI8UL647" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide, sequence identical to endogenous BNP; a ring-closed (disulfide-cyclised) peptide", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4890", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71308561", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4890" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71308561" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), a transmembrane guanylyl cyclase; signalling through intracellular cGMP", "status": "Approved: FDA (2001) for acutely decompensated heart failure (IUPHAR record); clinical use declined after 2005–2011 safety and outcome data", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 287, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 34, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/nesiritide" }, { "slug": "enfuvirtide", "name": "Enfuvirtide", "aliases": [ "T-20", "DP-178", "pentafuside", "Fuzeon (brand)" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Synthetic HIV fusion-inhibitor peptide", "function": "Binds the HR1 region of HIV-1 gp41 and blocks fusion of the viral and cell membranes", "context": "Approved (2003) as the first HIV fusion inhibitor, for treatment-experienced patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1, given subcutaneously twice daily", "length_aa": 36, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C204H301N51O64", "average_mass_da": 4492, "reference_mass_da": 4492, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16130199", "iuphar_ligand_id": "4986", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "159519-65-0", "unii": "19OWO1T3ZE" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Linear 36-residue synthetic peptide derived from the gp41 sequence; not stable in the gastrointestinal tract, so administered subcutaneously", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4986", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16130199", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4986" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16130199" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Not a receptor ligand: binds the HR1 domain of HIV-1 gp41, preventing the conformational change that fuses viral and host membranes", "status": "Approved (2003) for treatment-experienced HIV-1 infection with multidrug resistance; the first fusion inhibitor", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 54, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 1, "latest_update": "2026-08-10", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/enfuvirtide" }, { "slug": "lutetium-lu-177-dotatate", "name": "Lutetium (177Lu) dotatate", "aliases": [ "177Lu-DOTATATE", "177Lu-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate", "lutetium oxodotreotide", "Lutathera (brand)" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Radiolabelled somatostatin-analogue peptide (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy)", "function": "A somatostatin-receptor-binding peptide that carries the beta-emitting isotope lutetium-177 into neuroendocrine tumour cells", "context": "Approved (FDA, 2018) for somatostatin-receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours — the first peptide receptor radionuclide therapy approved in the US", "length_aa": 8, "sequence": "FCYWKTCT", "sequence_note": "FCYWKTCT is the amino-acid backbone only: D-Phe1, D-Trp4, Cys2-Cys7 disulfide, N-terminal DOTA-[177Lu] and a free C-terminal carboxyl group. The chelator and isotope are not amino-acid residues.", "modified_sequence": "[177Lu-DOTA]-D-Phe-L-Cys-L-Tyr-D-Trp-L-Lys-L-Thr-L-Cys-L-Thr-OH; Cys2-Cys7 disulfide", "formula": "C65H87[177Lu]N14O19S2", "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": 1609.6, "reference_mass_basis": "isotope-specific", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "76966897", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "437608-50-9", "unii": "AE221IM3BB" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Lutetium(177Lu) dotatate radiolabeled complex", "formLabels": { "en": "Lutetium(177Lu) dotatate radiolabeled complex", "fr": "Complexe radiomarqué de dotatate au lutétium(177Lu)" }, "species": "Synthetic radiolabeled somatostatin analogue; species is not applicable", "massType": "isotope-specific", "termini": { "n": "D-Phe1 amino group acylated by DOTA chelator containing lutetium-177", "c": "L-Thr8 free carboxyl group" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Select the Lutathera drug-substance complex with DOTA-bound lutetium-177, D-Phe1/D-Trp4 and Cys2-Cys7 disulfide. The label reports1609.6 Da; PubChem rounds its computed value to1609.5. This is an isotope-specific reference mass. Unmetallated DOTATATE, stable-lutetium complexes and other radiometals are different forms; average_mass_da remains null.", "fr": "La forme retenue est le complexe de la substance active du Lutathera : lutétium-177 lié au DOTA, D-Phe1/D-Trp4 et pont disulfure Cys2-Cys7. La notice indique1609,6 Da ; PubChem arrondit sa valeur calculée à1609,5. Cette masse de référence est spécifique de l’isotope. Le DOTATATE sans métal, les complexes au lutétium stable et les autres radiométaux sont des formes distinctes ; average_mass_da reste nul." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "Current DailyMed Lutathera official label, Section11", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=72d1a024-00b7-418a-b36e-b2cb48f2ab55", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "selectedForm", "referenceMassDa", "sequence", "length", "D-Phe1", "D-Trp4", "disulfide2-7", "DOTA conjugation", "cTerminus" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG chemical graph properties, CID76966897", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/76966897/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey,IsomericSMILES/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "pubchemCid", "InChI", "InChIKey", "SMILES", "177Lu isotope", "fully specified stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS exact full definition, UNII AE221IM3BB", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/AE221IM3BB?view=full", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "177Lu isotope", "ten defined stereocenters", "InChI", "InChIKey", "unii", "cas", "pubchemCid" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "Current DailyMed Lutathera official label, Section11", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=72d1a024-00b7-418a-b36e-b2cb48f2ab55" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG chemical graph properties, CID76966897", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/76966897/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey,IsomericSMILES/JSON" }, { "source": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS exact full definition, UNII AE221IM3BB", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/AE221IM3BB?view=full" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Somatostatin receptors (predominantly subtype 2) overexpressed on neuroendocrine tumour cells", "status": "Approved: FDA (2018) for SSTR-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 84, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 49, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/lutetium-lu-177-dotatate" }, { "slug": "lutetium-lu-177-vipivotide-tetraxetan", "name": "Lutetium (177Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan", "aliases": [ "177Lu-PSMA-617", "PSMA-617", "Pluvicto (brand)", "lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "PSMA-targeting peptidomimetic radioligand therapy", "function": "A PSMA-binding peptidomimetic that delivers beta radiation from lutetium-177 to prostate cancer cells", "context": "Approved (FDA, 23 March 2022) for PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after androgen-receptor pathway inhibition and taxane chemotherapy", "length_aa": null, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "Not applicable: PSMA-binding urea peptidomimetic and linker joined to a DOTA chelator containing lutetium-177; trans-cyclohexyl form defined by GSRSG6UF363ECX.", "formula": "C49H68[177Lu]N9O16", "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": 1216.06, "reference_mass_basis": "isotope-specific", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "1703749-62-5", "unii": "G6UF363ECX" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Lutetium(177Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan radiolabeled complex", "formLabels": { "en": "Lutetium(177Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan radiolabeled complex", "fr": "Complexe radiomarqué de vipivotide tétraxétan au lutétium(177Lu)" }, "species": "Synthetic radiolabeled peptidomimetic; species is not applicable", "massType": "isotope-specific", "termini": { "n": "Not applicable to this linked peptidomimetic-chelator complex", "c": "Not applicable to this linked peptidomimetic-chelator complex" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "FDA explicitly identifies the radiolabeled177Lu complex and reports molecular mass1216.06. GSRS independently identifies the exact trans-cyclohexyl molecular form with five specified centers and the177Lu isotope. This value is isotope-specific, not a natural-lutetium average or a claimed monoisotopic mass. Export average_mass_da must remain null while reference_mass_da and mass_basis carry the documented value. This is unmetallated vipivotide tetraxetan/PSMA-617, C49H71N9O16, mass1042.1. It has no177Lu and is not the radiolabeled drug complex. Qualified related record only: GSRS cross-references it and its elemental formula/isotope agree, but its standard InChI leaves two cyclohexyl centers unspecified (/t32?,35?), whereas GSRS specifies the trans form. It is not selected as an exact full stereochemical identifier.", "fr": "La référence est le complexe trans au lutétium-177 défini par la FDA et GSRS. Sa masse de 1 216,06 Da est isotopique, et non une moyenne pour le lutétium naturel. Le ligand sans métal et le CID dont deux centres restent indéfinis sont exclus des identifiants exacts." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "FDA PLUVICTO label, March2022, Section11", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/215833s000lbl.pdf", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "selected radiolabeled form", "formula with177Lu", "referenceMassDa", "massBasis", "nonlinear peptidomimetic form" ] }, { "label": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII G6UF363ECX", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/G6UF363ECX?view=full", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "exact trans form", "177Lu isotope", "five defined centers", "formula", "unii", "cas" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 122706785", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "referenceMassDa", "massBasis", "InChI", "InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 122706786", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "referenceMassDa", "massBasis", "InChI", "InChIKey" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "FDA PLUVICTO label, March2022, Section11", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/215833s000lbl.pdf" }, { "source": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII G6UF363ECX", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/G6UF363ECX?view=full" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 122706785", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 122706786", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a transmembrane enzyme overexpressed in primary and metastatic prostate cancer", "status": "Approved: FDA (23 March 2022) for PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after ARPI and taxane therapy", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 42, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 37, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/lutetium-lu-177-vipivotide-tetraxetan" }, { "slug": "somatorelin", "name": "GHRH (somatorelin)", "aliases": [ "Growth hormone-releasing hormone", "GHRH(1-44)", "Human growth hormone-releasing factor", "Somatorelin" ], "category": "growth", "type": "Hypothalamic releasing hormone", "function": "Stimulates growth hormone release from the anterior pituitary", "context": "Endogenous hormone; the 44-residue human sequence (INN somatorelin) is not itself an approved medicine — its truncated and modified analogues sermorelin, CJC-1295 and tesamorelin are the therapeutic forms", "length_aa": 44, "sequence": "YADAIFTNSYRKVLGQLSARKLLQDIMSRQQGESNQERGARARL", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "H-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met-Ser-Arg-Gln-Gln-Gly-Glu-Ser-Asn-Gln-Glu-Arg-Gly-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Leu-NH2", "formula": "C215H358N72O66S", "average_mass_da": 5040, "reference_mass_da": 5040, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16132353", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "83930-13-6", "unii": "4UR7N9Z9MM" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Somatorelin, human GHRH(1–44)-amide free peptide", "formLabels": { "en": "Somatorelin, human GHRH(1–44)-amide free peptide", "fr": "Somatoréline, GHRH humaine(1–44)-amide libre" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free Tyr amino terminus", "c": "Leu carboxamide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reviewed human UniProt specifies the44-residue mature chain and Leu75-amide in the precursor, independently matching GSRS somatorelin and the all-L PubChem16132353 peptide. No acetate or trifluoroacetate counterion is selected. Structure-derived notation is a29-residue amidated chain plus three acetic-acid components, H-YADAIFTNSYRKVLGQLSARKLLQDIMSR-NH2.3CH3CO2H. ItsC155H258N44O48S/3538.0 describes a sermorelin-related acetate preparation, not human GHRH44. This estimated formula retains an extra oxygen inconsistent with the explicitly defined terminal leucinamide. PubChemC215H358N72O66S matches independent atom accounting and is selected. Generic family CAS9034-39-3 and salt UNIIs are not carried into selected identifiers.", "fr": "La référence est la somatoréline humaine de 44 résidus amidée, à extrémité N libre. Le fragment de 29 résidus sous forme acétate est distinct. Les estimations de formule incohérentes avec l’amide sont exclues." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 16132353", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "referenceMassDa", "massBasis", "InChI", "InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 16132353", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16132353/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "expandedSequence", "length", "termini", "modifications", "stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProtKB P01286", "url": "https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01286.json", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "sequence", "length", "annotated processing", "annotated modifications" ] }, { "label": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII 4UR7N9Z9MM", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/4UR7N9Z9MM?view=full", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "length", "Leu44-amide", "unii", "cas", "pubchemCid" ] }, { "label": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 172966663", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/172966663/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "expandedSequence", "length", "termini", "modifications", "stereochemistry" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 16132353", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/71300624,155817394,3035060,14840431,21585658,16134395,16133797,16218850,6918026,71306,16130933,16133819,9853654,444007,122706785,122706786,172966663,16132353,133082079,16133238/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 16132353", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/16132353/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProtKB P01286", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01286.json" }, { "source": "NIH NCATS/FDA GSRS, UNII 4UR7N9Z9MM", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/api/v1/substances/4UR7N9Z9MM?view=full" }, { "source": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 172966663", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/172966663/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "GHRH receptor (GHRHR), a class B G-protein-coupled receptor on pituitary somatotrophs", "status": "Endogenous hormone; not an approved medicine in full-length form as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 39, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 2, "latest_update": "2026-05-19", "snapshot_date": "2026-09-08" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/somatorelin" }, { "slug": "parathyroid-hormone", "name": "Parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-84)", "aliases": [ "PTH", "PTH(1-84)", "Parathormone", "Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84)" ], "category": "foundational", "type": "Calcium-regulating peptide hormone", "function": "Raises blood calcium — enhances renal calcium reabsorption, increases active vitamin D production, mobilises calcium from bone", "context": "Endogenous hormone; recombinant human PTH(1-84) has been used as replacement therapy in hypoparathyroidism, and shortened analogues (teriparatide, abaloparatide) are approved for osteoporosis", "length_aa": 84, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": null, "average_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_da": null, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": null, "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "unavailable", "tool_eligible": false, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "unavailable", "molecularForm": "84-residue single-chain peptide; the N-terminal 1–34 fragment carries full receptor activity and is the basis of teriparatide", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Not specified" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": false, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [], "half_life": null, "receptors": "PTH/PTHrP receptor type 1 (PTH1R), a class B G-protein-coupled receptor; signalling continues from endosomes after internalisation", "status": "Endogenous hormone; recombinant human PTH(1-84) used as replacement therapy in hypoparathyroidism; N-terminal analogues approved for osteoporosis (see teriparatide, abaloparatide, palopegteriparatide) as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 625, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 59, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/parathyroid-hormone" }, { "slug": "c-peptide", "name": "C-peptide", "aliases": [ "Proinsulin C-peptide", "Connecting peptide", "Insulin C-peptide" ], "category": "metabolic", "type": "Proinsulin connecting peptide", "function": "Released in equimolar amounts with insulin; binds cell membranes and signals via G-protein and Ca2+-dependent pathways in experimental systems", "context": "Endogenous peptide and clinical biomarker of β-cell function; investigated as a replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes complications, with no approved product", "length_aa": 31, "sequence": "EAEDLQVGQVELGGGPGAGSLQPLALEGSLQ", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C129H211N35O48", "average_mass_da": 3020.3, "reference_mass_da": 3020.3, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16157840", "iuphar_ligand_id": "6145", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "33017-11-7", "unii": "O2J76Y002M" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "31-residue linear peptide connecting the B and A chains of proinsulin (UniProt P01308, residues 57–87)", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Free acid" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6145", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16157840", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=6145" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16157840" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "Binds specifically to cell membranes; a specific cell-surface receptor has been proposed but the signalling partner is not definitively identified", "status": "Endogenous peptide and diagnostic biomarker; investigational as a therapy, no approved product as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 2353, "highest_phase": "PHASE3", "active_in_latest_100": 93, "latest_update": "2026-10-01", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/c-peptide" }, { "slug": "pacap", "name": "PACAP", "aliases": [ "Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide", "PACAP-38", "PACAP-27" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Neuropeptide (VIP/secretin/glucagon superfamily)", "function": "Activates PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors; roles in nociception, stress, feeding, reproduction, neuroprotection and migraine", "context": "Endogenous neuropeptide; not a medicine — an emerging drug target in migraine, where antibodies against PACAP are being developed", "length_aa": 27, "sequence": "HSDGIFTDSYSRYRKQMAVKKYLAAVL", "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": "H-His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-NH2", "formula": "C142H224N40O39S", "average_mass_da": 3147.6, "reference_mass_da": 3147.6, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "91935802", "iuphar_ligand_id": null, "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": null, "unii": null }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "Human PACAP27, Leu27-amide free peptide", "formLabels": { "en": "Human PACAP27, Leu27-amide free peptide", "fr": "PACAP27 humaine, peptide libre Leu27-amide" }, "species": "Homo sapiens", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Free His amino terminus", "c": "Leu carboxamide" }, "modificationState": "modified", "toolEligible": true, "assessedAt": "2026-10-05", "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reviewed UniProt independently defines humanPACAP27 and its Leu-amide. PubChem91935802 supplies the same all-L backbone, including defined Ile/Thr side-chain stereochemistry, and terminal amide withC142H224N40O39S/3147.6. PACAP38 is a separate isoform and no PACAP38 identifiers are imported. It encodes38residues HSDGIFTDSYSRYRKQMAVKKYLAAVLGKGYKQRVKNK, including Gly30 rather than Arg30 of reviewed humanPACAP38. It is neither the selected27-residue form nor exact reviewed humanPACAP38. These share the PACAP27 connectivity but have unspecified stereochemistry (standard InChIKeyRZGBUJXSKLDAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N). The exact all-L PACAP27 CID91935802 hasRZGBUJXSKLDAFE-QYHUGZLJSA-N and matches reviewed UniProt.", "fr": "La référence choisie est la PACAP humaine de 27 résidus amidée. Les formes PACAP-38 et le variant enregistré avec Gly30 sont distincts ; leurs masses et identifiants ne sont pas combinés à cette référence." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 91935802", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/91935802/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "formula", "referenceMassDa", "massBasis", "InChI", "InChIKey" ] }, { "label": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 91935802", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/91935802/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "expandedSequence", "length", "termini", "modifications", "stereochemistry" ] }, { "label": "Reviewed UniProtKB P18509", "url": "https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P18509.json", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "species", "sequence", "length", "annotated processing", "annotated modifications" ] }, { "label": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 133082079", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/133082079/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description", "observedAt": "2026-10-05", "fieldsSupported": [ "sequence", "expandedSequence", "length", "termini", "modifications", "stereochemistry" ] } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": null, "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "PubChem PUG molecular properties, CID 91935802", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/91935802/property/MolecularFormula,MolecularWeight,IUPACName,InChI,InChIKey/JSON" }, { "source": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 91935802", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/91935802/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" }, { "source": "Reviewed UniProtKB P18509", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P18509.json" }, { "source": "PubChem structure-derived biologic notation, CID 133082079", "date": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/133082079/JSON?heading=Biologic%20Description" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "PAC1 (PACAP-selective), VPAC1 and VPAC2 (shared with VIP) — class B G-protein-coupled receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase", "status": "Endogenous neuropeptide; not a medicine — drug target in migraine as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 32, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 5, "latest_update": "2026-09-21", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/pacap" }, { "slug": "corticotropin-releasing-hormone", "name": "CRH (corticorelin)", "aliases": [ "Corticotropin-releasing hormone", "Corticotropin-releasing factor", "CRF", "Corticoliberin" ], "category": "neuro", "type": "Hypothalamic releasing hormone", "function": "Stimulates ACTH and β-endorphin secretion from the anterior pituitary; coordinates autonomic, behavioural, cardiovascular, immune and endocrine responses to stress", "context": "Endogenous hormone at the top of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; not a marketed medicine in the evidence reviewed — its receptors are investigational drug targets", "length_aa": 41, "sequence": null, "sequence_note": null, "modified_sequence": null, "formula": "C208H344N60O63S2", "average_mass_da": 4757, "reference_mass_da": 4757, "reference_mass_basis": "average", "identifiers": { "pubchem_cid": "16186200", "iuphar_ligand_id": "912", "chembl_id": null, "drugbank_id": null, "cas_rn": "9015-71-8", "unii": "305OE8862Y" }, "reference_confidence": "source-supported", "tool_eligible": true, "chemistry_identity": { "confidence": "source-supported", "molecularForm": "41-residue amidated peptide, first characterised from ovine hypothalamic extracts in 1981", "species": "Not established by this molecular identity audit", "massType": "average", "termini": { "n": "Not specified", "c": "Amide" }, "modificationState": "not-specified", "toolEligible": true, "governanceUpdatedAt": "2026-10-05", "note": { "en": "Reference values are taken from the cited molecular record or curated profile. A database match is not independent laboratory verification; modifications, counter-ions, and formulations can change the measured mass.", "fr": "Les valeurs proviennent de l'enregistrement moléculaire cité ou de la fiche éditoriale. Une correspondance dans une base n'est pas une vérification indépendante en laboratoire ; modifications, contre-ions et formulations peuvent modifier la masse mesurée." }, "evidence": [ { "label": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=912", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" }, { "label": "PubChem molecular record", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16186200", "observedAt": "2026-10-01" } ] }, "chemistry_snapshot_date": "2026-10-01", "source_snapshot_dates": [ { "source": "IUPHAR/BPS source snapshot", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=912" }, { "source": "PubChem molecular record", "date": "2026-10-01", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16186200" } ], "half_life": null, "receptors": "CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1, predominantly brain) and CRH receptor 2 (CRHR2) — class B G-protein-coupled receptors shared with the urocortins", "status": "Endogenous hormone; receptors are investigational drug targets; no CRH product approval appears in the evidence reviewed as of September 2026", "canadian_product_status": { "status": "unknown", "products": [] }, "clinical_trials": { "registered_total": 85, "highest_phase": "PHASE4", "active_in_latest_100": 26, "latest_update": "2026-09-29", "snapshot_date": "2026-10-01" }, "sources": [ "curated", "pubchem", "iuphar" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-09-08", "content_modified_at": null, "page_data_modified_at": "2026-10-05", "url": "https://peptidescodex.com/en/peptides/corticotropin-releasing-hormone" } ] }